Organic Chemistry - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Organic Chemistry

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Branch of chemistry dealing with carbon molecules. Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons Compounds containing only carbon & hydrogen Why can carbon form so many compounds? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Organic Chemistry


1
Organic Chemistry
  • Branch of chemistry dealing with carbon molecules.

2
Hydrocarbons
  • Compounds containing only carbon hydrogen

3
Why can carbon form so many compounds?
  • It can form up to 4 covalent bonds with other
    carbon atoms.

4
What is the maximum of bonds between any 2 C
atoms?
  • A triple bond
  • (3 pairs or 6 electrons)

5
Properties of hydrocarbon molecules
  • Molecular
  • Low melting points
  • Low boiling points
  • Low Hf
  • Low Hv
  • High evaporation rate
  • High vapor pressure
  • May be gases, liquids, or solids
  • Decompose on heating
  • Poor conductors of heat electricity
  • Nonpolar (vdw forces)
  • Dissolve in nonpolar solvents
  • React slowly
  • Solids may be soft or brittle

6
Bonding capacity of H?
  • 1

7
Bonding capacity of O?
  • 2

8
Bonding capacity of the halogens (F, Cl, Br, I)?
  • 1

9
Bonding capacity of S?
  • 2

10
Bonding capacity of N P?
  • 3

11
Bonding capacity of C?
  • 4

12
The 4 single bonds of a carbon atom are directed
to
  • the corners of a regular tetrahedron.

13
Saturated hydrocarbon
  • Hydrocarbon containing only single carbon-carbon
    bonds

14
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
  • Hydrocarbon containing at least 1 double or
    triple carbon-carbon bond

15
Chemical or Molecular Formulas
  • Tell the kind number of atoms in a molecule.

16
Structural Formulas
  • Tell the kind number of atoms in a molecule.
    Also attempt to show approximate shapes bonding
    patterns of molecules.

17
Homologous Series
  • A group of related compounds in which each member
    differs from the one before it by the same
    additional unit. Properties vary in a
    predictable way.

18
Alkanes
  • Homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons. with
    the general formula CnH2n2.
  • Ratio of C to H is n2n2

19
Alkanes
  • Release energy when burned fuels.

20
Naming Alkanes
  • Prefix depends on of carbon atoms in longest
    continuous chain.
  • Suffix ane

21
Properties of Alkanes
  • Nonpolar.
  • Boiling point ? as of carbon atoms ?. (van der
    Waals forces increase with size).
  • Insoluble in water. (Like dissolves like.)

22
Nonpolar
  • The electron cloud of the molecule is fairly
    evenly distributed. Either
  • Molecule has atoms with similar
    electronegativities
  • Molecule has high symmetry

23
Isomers
  • Molecules with the same chemical formula but
    different structural formulas.
  • Different chemical physical properties.
    Different names.
  • Same formula mass percentage composition.

24
Isomers
  • of possible isomers ? as of C atoms ?

25
Alkenes
  • Homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons
    containing 1 double carbon-carbon bond.

26
General formula of alkenes
  • CnH2n

27
Naming Alkenes
  • Prefix depends on of carbon atoms in longest
    continuous chain.
  • Suffix ene
  • in front may give location of double bond.

28
Properties of Alkenes
  • Slightly more reactive than the alkanes. Double
    bond is site of reactivity.

29
Alkynes
  • Homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons
    containing 1 carbon-carbon triple bond.

30
General formula of alkynes
  • CnH2n-2

31
Naming alkynes
  • Prefix depends on of carbon atoms in longest
    continuous chain.
  • Suffix yne
  • in front gives location of triple bond.
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