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Cardiovascular Disease

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Title: Cardiovascular Disease


1
Cardiovascular Disease
  • Senior Health- Bauberger

2
The Leading Cause of Death in America
  • Heart disease and strokes are the most common
    cardiovascular diseases
  • They are the 1st and 3rd leading causes of death
    for men and women in the United States
  • Heart disease and strokes account for more than
    35 of all deaths
  • More than 870,000 Americans die of heart disease
    and strokes every year, 2,400 people a day

3
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4
Statistics
  • 1 in 3 Americans live with one or more types of
    CV disease
  • 73 million people currently live with high blood
    pressure
  • 5.8 million currently living have suffered a
    stroke
  • 5.3 million living have suffered heart failure
  • 8.1 million living have had a heart attack
  • The avg. age suffering from heart disease lowers
    each year

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Why?
7
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Heart Disease Death Rates for Morris County
  • Heart Disease Death Rates, Total Population, Ages
    35, 1996 2000 
  • Race/Ethinicity  Rate 
  • Total Population 529 
  • --------------------------------------------------
    ----------------------
  • American Indian Alaska Natives Insufficient
    data
  • Asian and Pacific Islanders
    182
  • African Americans
    589
  • Hispanics
    235
  • Caucasians
    523

10
Types of Cardiovascular Diseases
  1. Hypertension
  2. High Blood Cholesterol
  3. Heart Murmur
  4. Arrhythmia
  5. Atherosclerosis
  6. Heart Attack
  7. Congestive Heart Failure
  8. Stroke

11
Hypertension
  • Blood pressure of 140/90 or higher
  • The silent killer
  • Leads to heart disease
  • Increases blood pressure puts strain on heart and
    vessels
  • 1 out of 3 American adults have hypertension
  • Can reduce risk by exercising regularly,
    maintaining healthy weight, reducing stress, and
    eating foods low in sodium

12
High Blood Cholesterol
  • Cholesterol is transported in blood by
    lipoproteins
  • Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) carry cholesterol
    to body tissues for use or storage. It is the
    bad cholesterol because it builds up plaque on
    artery walls.
  • High-density lipoproteins (HDL) pick up extra
    cholesterol from body tissues and carry it to the
    liver. Its the good cholesterol because it
    cleans your arteries of excess cholesterol.
  • LDL level should be lower than 129 mg/dL
  • HDL level should be 40 mg/dL or higher

13
Heart Murmur
  • Irregular heart beat
  • Not an actual disease but an indicator of disease
  • Can be innocent or abnormal
  • Abnormal can be due to congenital heart defect or
    heart valve problems
  • Innocent often disappear with age (most children
    are born with a heart murmur)
  • Those with innocent heart murmurs have healthy
    hearts

14
Arrhythmia
  • Irregular heartbeats (twitching)
  • A form of heart disease
  • Heart may be beating too slowly or too quickly
    with an uneven rhythm
  • May result from damage of a heart attack or
    spontaneously
  • Fibrillation is a deadly arrhythmia in which the
    heart twitches rapidly (Defibrillation is the
    only way to control this type)
  • Some can be controlled by medications, others
    require implantation of an artificial pacemaker

15
Atherosclerosis
  • Disease in which fatty substances build up inside
    artery walls (plaque), causing artery walls to
    narrow and thicken, making it very difficult for
    blood to flow and increases blood pressure
  • Arteriosclerosis hardening of the arteries,
    develops when arteries lose their elasticity
  • Coronary Heart Disease Occurs when
    atherosclerosis develops in the arteries that
    supply the heart, decreasing blood flow to the
    heart
  • Angina Pectoris Chest pain that occurs when an
    area of the heart doesnt get enough oxygen-rich
    blood

16
Atherosclerosis
17
Heart Attack
  • Occurs when tissue in the heart doesnt receive
    its normal blood supply and dies
  • Cause is usually a blood clot formed in the
    coronary artery which has been narrowed by
    atherosclerosis
  • The more heart tissue that dies due to lack of
    oxygen, the more severe the attack
  • Four major risk factors
  • High blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol,
    physical inactivity, and smoking

18
Heart Attack
19
Heart Attack
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vn8P3n6GKBSY

20
Congestive Heart Failure
  • A condition in which the heart slowly weakens
    over time
  • Years of atherosclerosis and high blood pressure
    can lead to this condition
  • As the heart weakens, its less able to pump
    blood, only treated by meds that relax blood
    vessels and decrease strain on the heart
  • Swelling of the feet and lower legs can be
    symptoms

21
Stroke
  • A sudden disruption of blood flow to part of the
    brain
  • Occurs when an artery that supplies blood to an
    area of the brain is blocked, either caused by
    atherosclerosis or a clot
  • Can also occur when a weakened artery in brain
    bursts and floods the area. If burst artery is
    located in the cerebrum of the brain, the stroke
    cerebral hemorrhage
  • An aneurysm is a blood-filled spot that balloons
    out from the artery wall and bursts -gt usually
    deadly.
  • Effects can depend on location and severity
  • Brain damage affecting senses, speech,
    comprehension, etc
  • Paralysis on one side of the body
  • Death (over 1/3 result in death)

22
Stroke
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Stroke
23
Risk Factors / Prevention
  • Risks you cannot control
  • Heredity (family history)
  • Ethnicity (African Americans have highest rates
    of heart disease)
  • Gender (Men are more likely to suffer heart
    attacks, women are more likely to suffer strokes)
  • Age (As age increases, so does risk of disease)
  • More young people than ever before are being
    diagnosed with cardiovascular disease

24
Risk Factors / Prevention
  • Risks you can control
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Eat a healthy diet
  • Stay physically active
  • Manage stress
  • Monitor blood pressure
  • Avoid smoking and drinking

25
Treating Cardiovascular Disease
  • Cardiovascular diseases cant be cured but can
    often be controlled Testing
  • MRI, Electriocardiogram (ECG), Echocardiogram
    (EKG), Arteriography
  • Treatment
  • Balloon Angioplasty, Coronary Bypass Surgery,
    Artificial Pacemaker, Heart Transplant

26
References
  • http//www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/publications/AAG/dhdsp.
    htm
  • http//apps.nccd.cdc.gov/giscvh2/
  • http//www.healingwithnutrition.com/cdisease/cardi
    ovascular/cardiovascular.htmlA1
  • http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/heart
    murmur/hmurmur_what.html
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