Oct 27 Bell Ringer

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Oct 27 Bell Ringer

• Ok. It is 1789 and you are the chief executive of
  the new United States of America. What are the
  first three things that you will decide to do to
  make this a strong country?

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Who am I?

• I was a queen of France
• I reportedly said Let them eat cake
• I lost my head in the chaotic times that were
  inspired by the American revolution.
• My husbands name was Louis.
• My countrys predicament inspired Washington to
  declare neutrality in the war between France and
  England which was a great disappointment to me
  personally

Oct 28 Bell ringer
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Oct 29 / 30 Bell Ringer Quiz

• What was the first test of the USAs governments
  powers?
• What was one advantage of Hamiltons plan to
  create a national banking system?
• What position in Washingtons cabinet did
  Hamilton hold?
• What act established the federal court system in
  America?
• Pinckneys treaty was between which 2 countries?
  
• In 1793, what did Great Britain fear so much that
  they went to war with France?
• What is a bond?
• What is impressment?
• What is an example of an excise tax in the
  1780s?
• Why did George Washington don or put on his
  uniform again and go to Pennsylvania?
• What treaty was seen by France as pro-British?
• What country had a revolution because they
  admired ours so much?
• What does fraternity mean?

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October 31 Bell Ringer
List three Historical facts about Halloween that
you ARE ABSOLUTELY POSITIVE ABOUT in order to get
a treat. Youll get a trick if you dont!!
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Nov 3 Bell ringer and TOTD

• Write the three things that George Washington
  said in his Farewell Address.
• Ticket out the Door is to Write the word and
  definition" Bisect which means to intersect or
  cross a line or point on paper and show to me in
  order to leave this class. Keep the paper for
  your next class where you will repeat this
  exercise.

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Nov 4 TOTD and Bell Ringer

• Bell ringer What does sedition mean and what
  does alien mean?
• TOTD Parallel lines---Two different lines in
  the same plane that do not intersect.

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America The New Nation

• 1789-1801

Hi, I am Miz D and you are going to be very proud
of this country after I tell you the story of our
beginnings
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SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events
and key ideas that brought about the adoption and
implementation of the United States
Constitution. . b. Evaluate the major arguments
of the anti-Federalists and Federalists during
the debate on ratification of the Constitution as
put forth in The Federalists Papers concerning
form of government, factions, checks and
balances, and the power of the executive,
including the roles of Alexander Hamilton and
James Madison. . e. Explain the importance of the
Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams,
including the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention
in Europe, and the development of political
parties (Alexander Hamilton)
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Essential Questions

• What are the major arguments of the
  anti-Federalists and Federalists during the
  debate on ratification of the Constitution?
• How did the Presidencies of George Washington and
  John Adams establish this country?
• How did the Whiskey Rebellion test this country?
• How was the Supreme Court established?
• Where did the American early tradition of
  non-intervention in Europe begin?
• How did political parties develop?
• What role did Alexander Hamilton play in
  establishing this country?
• How did America weather its first conflicts with
  other countries?

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Vocabulary

• Precedent, Judiciary Act of 1789,
• Alexander Hamilton, Whiskey rebellion,
  Pinckney's Treaty, XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition
  Acts, midnight judges, John Marshall, Marbury v.
  Madison,

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Review

• How is Shays rebellion important?
• He was a soldier who could not get paid because
  the Articles did not allow taxes to be collected
  that could pay him
• Therefore he rebelled and was barely stopped
  because there was no army under the Articles to
  stop him
• Shays rebellion tested the Articles of
  Confederation and found them wanting
• So. a Constitutional Convention was called and
  the Constitution ( the supreme Law of the Land)
  was written by the Framers

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The New Constitutional Governments Problems

• Lack of Experience
• No federal laws.
• No courts.
• No law enforcement.
• No precedent as this is the first time for
  everything that the new nation will do

• 3 problems
• Financial
• Relations w/ other nations.
• Lack of a military

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The Courts

• Judiciary Act of 1789
• Established the basic structure of the federal
  court system.
• Supreme Court
• Chief Justice plus 5 Associate Justices.
• Gave the Supreme Court the power to declare state
  laws that violated the Federal Constitution null
  and void.
• John Jay- 1st Supreme Court Chief Justice

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Executive Departments

• Cabinet- advisors to the President
• Secretaries- Heads of the Departments.
• Not specifically stated in the Constitution.
• Department of State
• Thomas Jefferson
• Department of Treasury
• Alexander Hamilton
• Department of War
• Henry Knox
• Attorney General
• Edmund Randolph
• Advise the President on matters of law.

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Alexander Hamilton

• Congress faced with financial problems.
• Raising money
• Coining money
• Proposes a solution
• Pay off the war debts.
• Create a National Bank.
• Create a new tariff or tax on trade.
• Tax liquor.

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1. Pay Off the War Debts

• 3 ways to become financially solvent and a good
  credit risk
• Establish nations credit by paying its debts.
• Bonds and paper money be paid off at their
  original value.
• Govt. should assume the states debts.

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Revolutionary War Debts

• 80 million
• 12 million to France
• 44 million to American militiamen
• 25 million owed by the states.
• Government Bonds- certificates issued by the
  govt. in exchange for a loan of money
• Govt. used this to pay for the War.

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2. The Bank of the United States

• Hamiltons plan to create a national banking
  system of one major bank w/ branch banks in
  American cities.
• 3 advantages
• Provide a safe place for tax officials to deposit
  collected money.
• Transfer money by check.
• Create a sound uniform currency.
• Bank note (paper money)

• Jefferson opposes
• 3 disadvantages
• Wealthy people would control because they would
  be buying the capital stocks that it operated on.
• Private banks would falter because all the money
  would be in one national bank.
• Unconstitutional- govt. does not have the power
  to establish a bank.
• Washington supports Hamilton on this idea.

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3. Raise the Tariff

• A. Revenue tariff
• Small tariff on a good in which a foreign
  manufacturer can still compete in America.
• This is what we had.
• B. Protective tariff
• High tariff on a foreign-imported good that would
  protect American manufacturers.
• Hamilton proposes B.

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4. Tax on Liquor

• Excise tax
• Tax on a product that is produced or sold.
• Hamilton proposes one be placed on liquor.

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Whisky Rebellion

• Hamiltons tax on whisky hurts frontier farmers
  who sold corn or whisky for profit.
• Frontiersmen refuse to pay the excise tax.
• Federal marshals try to enforce, but are chased
  away or tarred and feathered.
• Washington orders the militia to stop the
  rebellion.
• Government wins its first test, farmers lose.

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Hamiltons Financial Program

• 4 ways that it helped America
• America proved it could meet its obligations.
• National Bank provided a sound, uniform currency.
• It put money into the pockets of the rich.
• It gave the United States a workable money system
  and a credit reputation.

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The French Revolution-another test Will we do
what is right for America or what is right for an
ally?

• 1789- revolution breaks out in France.
• Inspired by American Revolution.
• liberty, equality, fraternity- French goals.
• King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette are
  dethroned and beheaded.
• Many other nations fear the spread of revolution
  to their nations.
• 1793- Great Britain goes to war with France.

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American Reaction

• Hamilton sides with Great Britain.
• Better trading partner.
• Jefferson sides with France.
• Loyalty for their help in American Revolution.

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War with Great Britain and France is affecting
the USA

• Impressment- British would seize American ships
  and force the sailors to serve in the British
  navy.
• Reaction to American aid to France.
• War viewed as suicidal by George Washington
  because our new nation was not prepared for a war
  on land or sea.

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Edmund Genet

• April, 1793
• Minister from France asks for America to defend
  the French West Indies in its war w/ Britain.
• America issues a Proclamation of Neutrality
• President Washington forbids American citizens to
  give active support on land or sea to any
  warring European nations.

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Jays Treaty

• John Jay
• Supreme Court Chief Justice.
• Settles differences between America and Britain.
• British could trade w/ America.
• Britain would withdraw troops from the frontier.
• 3.Impressment issue not settled.

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Pinckneys Treaty

• Thomas Pinckney negotiates treaty with Spain in
  1795.
• Settle border dispute over Florida and Georgia.
• Spain agrees to curb Indian attacks upon Georgia
  settlers.
• Gave America the right to navigate the
  Mississippi River freely.
• Right of deposit.

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Washingtons Farewell

• 2 regrets
• Arguments between Hamilton and Jefferson
• Relations of the U.S. w/ other countries.
• Farewell address- warns of 3 things.
• Creation of political parties.
• Avoid permanent alliances with foreign nations.
• Do not lose the basis of the country which is on
  God

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Federalist Party

• Led by Alexander Hamilton
• The wealthy elite of America.
• Merchants, lawyers, and church leaders tend to
  belong.

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Republicans/Anti-Federalists

• Led by Thomas Jefferson.
• Farmers and wage earners tend to belong.

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Our first 2 Political Partys Beliefs

• Federalist Party
• Little faith in the ability of average people to
  govern themselves.
• Give power to the wealthy w/ a strong federal
  govt.
• Loose interpretation of the Constitution.
• Pro- National Bank.

• Republican Party
• Great faith in average people to govern.
• Limited federal govt.
• Strict interpretation of the Constitution.
• Anti- National Bank.

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Election of 1796

• First time a two-party system had developed.
• Candidates chosen by Congressional caucuses.
• Political leaders nominate the candidates.
• No direction by the Constitution.
• Federalist Party
• John Adams- President
• Thomas Pinckney- VP
• Republican Party
• Thomas Jefferson- President
• Aaron Burr- VP

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Election of 1796

• Voters choose the electors as outlined in the
  Constitution.
• Choosing electors
• Popular vote
• Choice of state legislature.
• Combination of both
• Electors then cast ballots for President and
  Vice-President.
• Candidate w/ the largest of votes becomes
  President
• Second largest of votes becomes Vice-President.

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Election of 1796
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Election of 1796

• President
• John Adams (Federalist)
• Vice-President
• Thomas Jefferson (Republican)
• After Election of 1796, it is customary for the
  electors to vote for both nominated candidates on
  the same ticket.

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Issues in USA with France

• Resentment of Americas refusal to aid France as
  obliged in Treaty of 1778.
• Resentment of Jays Treaty as being pro-British.

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XYZ Affair

• President Adams sends 3 American officials to
  Paris to visit w/ French officials to request
  compensation for French seizure of ships in the
  Caribbean in response to Jays Treaty.
• Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge
  Gerry
• They meet with Prime Minister Talleyrand and his
  fund raisers.
• X, Y, and Z- nickname given by Adams to protect
  identities.
• French demand 3 things.
• America must publicly apologize to France for
  remarks Adams made.
• U.S. must grant 22 million in loans to France.
• American envoys must pay a bribe of 50,000 to
  Talleyrand.
• America refuses

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American Response

• Talleyrand tells American envoys that refusal to
  aid France could lead to war.
• Charles Pinckney, Millions for defense, but not
  one cent for tribute.
• Alexander Hamilton encourages Adams to prepare
  for war.
• Army Department created
• Hamilton put in charge.
• Navy Department created
• Ordered to build warships, fortify harbors, and
  strengthen the Army
• Prepare for war w/ France.
• Nothing develops! No war!!

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Napoleon

• Overthrows French monarch and becomes Emperor.
• Wants to rule free of conflicts w/ foreign
  nations.
• Adams sends another group of envoys to France and
  the new leader to make an agreement.
• Impressment in the Caribbean continues, but war
  is avoided.

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Alien and Sedition Acts

• 1789 laws made by the Federalist majority in
  Congress.
• Designed to unite our country against France.
• Designed to weaken the Republican Party.
• Naturalization Act
• Aliens must reside in the U.S. for 14 years
  before they could become a citizen.

• Alien Act
• President could expel aliens he judged dangerous
  to U.S. peace.
• Alien Enemies Act
• President, in time of war, could imprison any
  foreigners he considered dangerous to public
  security.
• Sedition Act
• Fines or imprisonment to anyone who wrote, said,
  or printed anything false or malicious against
  the govt.

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Reactions to Alien and Sedition Acts

• Hurts the Republican Party because most of their
  members were immigrants from other countries.
• Anti-federalists feel that Adams and the
  Federalists violated Free Speech rights by using
  the Acts to silence the Republicans.

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States Rights Theorys Birth

• Madison and Jefferson voice opinions about the
  Acts.
• Virginia Resolution
• Kentucky Resolution

• The federal govt. had been created by the states.
• The federal govt. was merely an agent for the
  states.
• The federal govt. could be criticized by its
  creators, the states.
• Therefore, the Acts are null and void (unlawful)
• Could cause some states to secede from the Union.
• Most state legislatures react negatively to the
  Resolutions
• Federalist controlled.

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Election of 1800

• Federalists
• John Adams- President
• Charles Pinckney- VP
• Republicans
• Thomas Jefferson- President
• Aaron Burr- VP

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Thomas Jefferson

• Jefferson and Burr tie for electoral votes.
• House of Representatives break the tie.
• Alexander Hamilton supports Jefferson
• Distrusts Burr
• 1804- 12th Amendment
• Electors must vote on separate ballots for
  President and Vice-President.

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The Midnight Judges

• Judiciary Act of 1801
• Increased of judges in the federal courts by
  16.
• March, 1801- Adams appoint Federalist judges on
  his last night before leaving office.

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John Marshall

• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by
  Adams.
• 3 principles
• The Supreme Court had the power to determine when
  a law of Congress was unconstitutional.
• Judicial review
• Supreme Court could set aside laws of the states
  that violated the Constitution.
• Supreme Court had the power to reverse a decision
  of a state court.

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Marbury v. Madison

• First test of Marshalls principles.
• Marbury one of Adams midnight judges.
• Jefferson refuses to seat him on Supreme Court.
• James Madison- Secretary of State takes to
  Supreme Court for Jefferson.
• Supreme Court declared that it is the duty of the
  judicial dept. to say what the law is. (Judicial
  review)
• Republicans angered- say that this would allow
  the judiciary to twist the Constitution.
• Marbury installed as judge. Marshall wins

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• The End