Advantage -- The Four Ps

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ADVANTAGE
The Four Ps
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Important in Match Management
Players Want To Play! Soccer is a sport
involving Action! Movement! Excitement!
(little of this occurs during a stoppage)
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One way to keep the match moving Dont stop play
for violations that dont matter
Former IBD-8, Law 5 Paraphrased as Dont whistle
for doubtful or trifling violations
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One way to keep the match moving Dont stop play
for violations that dont matter
What is doubtful?
Former IBD-8, Law 5 Paraphrased as Dont whistle
for doubtful or trifling violations
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One way to keep the match moving Dont stop play
for violations that dont matter
What is trifling?
Former IBD-8, Law 5 Paraphrased as Dont whistle
for doubtful or trifling violations
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Another way we keep the match moving is to apply
advantage
Law 5 Paraphrased as Signal that play will
continue if stopping play would benefit the team
that committed the violation
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Signaling advantage IS CALLING THE FOUL The
signal only indicates that play will continue
Another way we keep the match moving is to apply
advantage
Law 5 Paraphrased as Signal that play will
continue if stopping play would benefit the team
that committed the violation
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doubtful or trifling applies to Any
violation Any offense Any infraction of any Law
advantage applies only to Violations of Law
12 (fouls or misconduct)
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doubtful or trifling applies to Any
violation Any offense Any infraction of any Law
Although not expressly described as
advantage Law 5 does apply the advantage
concept to occurrences of misconduct
advantage applies only to Violations of Law
12 (fouls or misconduct)
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3. Re-Start
2. Punishment
1. Whistle
Involves a Delay
A
Infringement
X
B
1. No Whistle
2. Advantage
MUST DEAL WITH MISCONDUCT AT NEXT STOPPAGE
3. Play Continues
4. Acknowledge Infringement
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The First P is
Possession
Active and Credible Control By Player Fouled or
by Teammate
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Ball played into space or a teammate rushing in
to support the fouled player Usually requires
seeing the wider field and waiting a second or two
The First P is
Possession
Active and Credible Control By Player Fouled or
by Teammate
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What makes control active and credible?
The First P is
Possession
Active and Credible Control By Player Fouled or
by Teammate
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The Four Ps
Without POSSESSION None of the other Ps
matter This is the FIRST decision
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The First P Possession
Now add the second P
POTENTIAL
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Possession Potential
POTENTIAL is the probability of continuing an
immediate and dangerous attack on the opponents
goal
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Possession Potential
Probability likelihood
POTENTIAL is the probability of continuing an
immediate and dangerous attack on the opponents
goal
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Possession Potential
Immediate no break in possession
POTENTIAL is the probability of continuing an
immediate and dangerous attack on the opponents
goal
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Possession Potential
Dangerous possibility of success
POTENTIAL is the probability of continuing an
immediate and dangerous attack on the opponents
goal
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POTENTIAL the probability of continuing an
immediate and dangerous attack on the opponents
goal
What is not included here? Violation slows up
player long enough to permit more defense by
opponents Violation forces continued play away
from opponents goal
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POTENTIAL the probability of continuing an
immediate and dangerous attack on the opponents
goal
Two more Ps PERSONNEL PROXIMITY These are not
independent They assist in evaluating POTENTIAL
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Possession Potential
PERSONNEL Refers to the number and skill of the
attackers relative to the number and skill of the
defenders at the time of or immediately following
(2-3 seconds) the violation
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Possession Potential
Having a numbers advantage over the defenders
increases the potential
PERSONNEL Refers to the number and skill of the
attackers relative to the number and skill of the
defenders at the time of or immediately following
(2-3 seconds) the violation
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Having a skill advantage over the defenders
increases the potential (skill could refer to
speed, agility, ball handling, strength, etc.)
Possession Potential
PERSONNEL Refers to the number and skill of the
attackers relative to the number and skill of the
defenders at the time of or immediately following
(2-3 seconds) the violation
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Possession Potential
PROXIMITY Refers to the distance from the
opponents goal Less distance (closeness)
increases POTENTIAL
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Distance could be defined purely in terms of
yards or we could use the more traditional
concept of defensive third, middle third, and
attacking third
Possession Potential
PROXIMITY Refers to the distance from the
opponents goal Less distance (closeness)
increases POTENTIAL
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Direction of Attack
Middle Third
Defensive Third
Attacking Third
Low Probability of Success
Moderate Probability of Success
High Probability of Success
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Direction of Attack
Why is the penalty area marked differently?
Middle Third
Defensive Third
Attacking Third
Low Probability of Success
Moderate Probability of Success
High Probability of Success
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POTENTIAL Outside the Penalty Area the
probability of continuing an immediate and
dangerous attack on the opponents goal
POTENTIAL Inside the Penalty Area Scoring a goal
immediately (within a play) after the violation
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The Four Ps
1
POSSESSION

2
POTENTIAL
Evaluated based on Personnel and Proximity
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4
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The Four Ps
In deciding about POSSESSION and in evaluating
POTENTIAL using PERSONNEL and PROXIMITY
We need to consider the players, the teams, the
game, and ourselves
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Consider the Players
Skill Sophistication Experience
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Consider the Team
Strategy Teamwork
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Consider the Game
Timing Field Conditions Intensity (level of
competition) Temperature (degree of feeling)
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Consider Ourselves
Authority Control Personality
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Potential is A feeling for how factors
involving the players in/around the area of the
incident, the effectiveness of the teams, the
field conditions, and your own responsibility for
game control all come together in an instant to
support a decision to not stop play
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The greatest danger in using advantage is
The possibility of retaliation
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REMEMBER
WHAT SHOULD BE ALLOWED IS
WHAT PLAYERS WILL TOLERATE
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ALSO REMEMBER
Applying advantage must not be automatic
It must be the result of careful thought
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Advice to Referees
Every advantage incident is unique
Advantage is a useful tool It can give you an
opportunity to adjust or readjust control
Do not use advantage as an excuse for failing to
act on the violation
Do not fail to punish any misconduct associated
with the violation
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Advice to Referees
Every advantage incident is unique
Or to talk to or warn the offender if the action
falls short of misconduct
Advantage is a useful tool It can give you an
opportunity to adjust or readjust control
Do not use advantage as an excuse for failing to
act on the violation
Do not fail to punish any misconduct associated
with the violation
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More Advice to Referees
Consider carefully whether to apply advantage
after a bad challenge violence needs to be
punished quickly and firmly
Consider carefully whether to apply advantage if
there is a high probability of retaliation
Avoid being influenced (one way or the other) by
appeals from players, team officials, or
spectators
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Final Advice to Referees
Remember that advantage is not a gift from the
referee It is a decision by the referee not to
take it away
Advantage is not defined solely in terms of
scoring a goal it consists of continuing a
credible, dangerous attack on goal which may or
may not be successful
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SUMMARY
1 POSSESSION
Control by Player or Team
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SUMMARY
1 POSSESSION
2 POTENTIAL
Ability to continue credible and dangerous attack
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SUMMARY
1 POSSESSION
2 POTENTIAL
3 PERSONNEL
Element of Potential Skill, Numbers, etc.
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SUMMARY
1 POSSESSION
2 POTENTIAL
3 PERSONNEL
4 PROXIMITY
Element of Potential Closeness to Goal