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Chemistry Notes

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Chemistry Notes What is chemistry ... solid, or liquid at the proper ... Chemical properties State of Matter and Their Properties Solid Gases Liquid Two major ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chemistry Notes


1
Chemistry Notes
2
What is chemistry?
  • Study of matter and its properties

3
Why study chemistry?
  • Used in career fields like doctor, nurse,
    pharmacist, engineer, rocket scientist, etc
  • Can help you stay healthier helps explain
    reactions in your body and certain diseases and
    their treatments

4
Matter definition
  • It has to have 2 things
  • Has to have mass and volume

5
How to describe matter?
  • Physical Properties - properties you can test
    for or sense without changing the substance
  • Examples
  • density color taste
  • pH magnetism boiling point
  • melting point odor

6
Chemical properties
  • Chemical properties property in which you test
    how it reacts with another substance, and the
    substance being tested is changed
  •  
  • Reaction with baking soda
  • Flammability
  • Decompose with heat

7
State of Matter and Their Properties
  • All matter can exist as a gas, solid, or liquid
    at the proper temperature and pressure

8
Solid
  • Particles are close to one another and
  • dont move
  • Fixed shape
  • Doesnt fill container necessarily
  • High density
  • Not very compressible
  • Examples steel, copper, plastic, ice

9
Gases
  • Particles are far apart and moving fast
  • Always fills container
  • Takes shape of container
  • Least density
  • Compressible
  • Examples air, natural gas, water vapor

10
Liquid
  • Particles can move past each other
  • Can fill a container
  • Takes shape of a container
  • Medium density
  • Slightly compressible
  • Examples liquid water, milk
  •  

11
Two major classifications    Two major
classifications
  • Pure substance
  • Mixture

12
Two kinds of pure substances
  • Element
  • Definition pure substance that cant be broken
    down into simpler substances by chemical or
    physical means
  •  
  •  s approximately 118
  •  
  • The substances on the periodic table
  • Examples gold, iron, hydrogen, oxygen
  •  

13
Compound
  • Definition pure substance made up of two or
    more different elements chemically combined
  •  
  • s millions
  •  
  • Examples salt, water, sugar
  •  
  •  

14
Mixture
  • Mixture two or more pure substances physically
    combined
  • Gaseous mixtures like air
  • Solid mixtures like alloys such as brass
    and stainless steel
  • Liquid mixtures milk, salt water
  • Mixtures with more than one phase
  • Carbonated beverages
  •  

15
Separating or purifying matter
  • Mixtures can be separated by physical means
  • Separate a mixture of any two pure liquids
  • Distillation
  • Separate the water in salt water from the salts
  • Boil off the water and salts will remain
  • Separate a mixture of gases
  • Cool them they will condense at different
    temperatures

16
Compounds Can only be separated by chemical
means
  • Decomposition Heat to high temperature
  • Ex. copper oxide ore from the earth drive off
  • the oxygen by heating to a high temperature
  • Electrolysis
  • Pure water can be separated into hydrogen
    and oxygen gases by using an electric current
  •  

17
  • Elements
  •  
  • Cant be purified any further or broken apart by
    chemical or physical means
  •  

18
Chemical Changes
  • Definition change in which a substance changes
    its chemical identity
  • Examples
  •  
  • Burning propane
  • Reaction between vinegar and baking soda
  • Also called a chemical reaction

19
Physical changes
  •  
  • Definition change in which a substance changes
    its physical properties without changing its
    identity.
  •  
  •   Examples
  •  
  • Cutting wood
  • Tearing up a piece of paper
  • Melting ice
  • Boiling water
  •  
  •  
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