Electromagnetic energy

1
Electromagnetic energy

• Light displays properties of both waves and
  particles.
• Light is an electromagnetic wave-a wave created
  by alternating electric and magnetic fields.
• Light is more than just visible light, it
  covers wavelengths from radio thru Gamma rays
• Light is also a particle called a photon.
• Photons have energy given by Eh? or Ehc/?. H is
  constant, c is the speed of light , ? is the
  frequency of light and ? is the wavelength of the
  light.

2
Conservation of Energy

• The principle of conservation of energy states
  that energy cannot be created or destroyed. But
  it can be converted from one form to another
• This idea of energy transformation is at the
  heart of energy generation.

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Energy Sources renewable vs non-rewnewable

• Renewable cant be exhausted
• Solar
• Geo-thermal
• Tidal
• Wind
• Hydro

• Non-renewable-can be exhausted
• Fossil fuels (oil, coal etc) uranium

4
How much do we use?

• World energy consumption

• US energy consumption

5
How much do we use?
6
How much do we use?

• Almost 95 of the energy we use comes from
  non-renewble energy sources!
• One of these days we will run out, and then what?
• What are some short and long term answers to this
  question?

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Fossil fuels
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FOSSIL FUELS

• Carbon or hydrocarbons (a compound made of
  hydrogen and carbon) found in the earths crust
• Formed from the bacterial decay of plant and
  animal life in ancient (a few hundred million
  years ago) seas.
• The decomposing material was covered with mud and
  sediment
• This increased the pressure and temperature on
  the material and deprived it of oxygen.
• A variety of hydrocarbon molecules are created in
  solid, liquid and gas states.
• The gas and liquid could travel through the
  porous rock and collect in geological traps (rock
  features that prevent further movement of the
  hydrocarbons).

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Petroleum traps
10
Why is there oil in Texas?
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A little history.

• 1859 Colonel Drake first drilled for oil and
  found it in Titusville, PA.
• Previous to this, the only oil known were surface
  springs.
• Other wells were drilled and the oil was refined
  into kerosene.
• Oil was soon found in Ohio, Indiana, California
  and Texas.

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What about Kentucky or Tennessee?
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Oil in KY

• Well that didnt really happen but there are oil
  fields in KY and TN!
• Largest in KY is Big Sinking, spanning Estille,
  Lee, Powell and Wolfe counties.

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Current KY oil reserves
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All good things must come to and end..

• It looks like there is a lot left, but it wont
  last very long.
• It takes about 11 years from the time an oil
  reserve is discovered until the oil reaches
  production.
• Also, the production of any energy resource has
  to be economically feasible it cant take more
  energy to get the energy produced than the energy
  itself produces.
• Q8 denotes the amount of a resource available for
  all time, until it is exhausted

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M.K. Hubbart The Nostradomus of petroleum

• Predicted Q8 to be 165 X 109 barrels of oil for
  the US in 1956, (this did not include Alaska).
• Much smaller value than his contemporaries and he
  predicted that US oil production would peak
  between 1966 and 1971 and then fall off,
  independent of anything the oil industry did.
• Not a popular prediction, but it rang true, US
  oil production peaked in 1970.

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Hubbart Curve