???? (Architecture Design)

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????(Architecture Design)

• ???????????

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??

• ??????(architectural design)???????
• ????????(document software architecture)?????????(
  multiple models)
• ??????(architectural model)???(types)
• ???????????(domain-specific reference
  models)???????(product-lines)??????????

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??

1. ????(software architecture)
2. ????(control models)
3. ?????(modular decomposition)
4. ??????(domain-specific architectures)

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???????

• ??????????(operational software),??????(representa
  tion)????????
• ???(effective)???????????(stated requirements)
• ??????(construct software)???

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1. ????(Software Architecture)

• ?????????????(identify)
• ????????
• ?????(control)???(communication)???(framework)

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????(Architecture Design)

• ????????????(early stage)
• ????(specification)?????(design
  processes)????(link)
• ?????????(specification activities)??
• ????????(system components)????????(communications
  )

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???????(Advantages of Explicit Architecture)

• ???????(stakeholder communication)
• ???????????????????(focus)
• ????(system analysis)
• ??????????????
• ???????(large-scale reuse)
• ?????????(across a range of systems)?????

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??????(Architecture Design Process)

• ????(system structuring)
• ??????????????,???(identify)?????????(communicatio
  ns)
• ????(control modelling)
• ??????????????????(control relationships)???
• ?????(modular decomposition)
• ????????(identified sub-systems)???????(modules)

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??????

• ???(sub-system)
• ????????????????????(a system whose operation is
  independent of the services provided by other
  sub-systems)
• ??(module)
• ??????,????????????,??????????????(a separate
  system)

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????(Architecture Models)

• ???????????????
• ?????????????(perspectives)

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????

• ??????(static structural model)
• ????????
• ??????(dynamic process model)
• ????????(the process structure of the system)
• ????(interface model)
• ???????
• ????(relationships model)
• ??????(data-flow model)

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????(Architecture Attributes)

• ??(performance)
• ??????(localize operations)??????????(communicatio
  n)
• ???(security)
• ???????(layered architecture),?????????(critical
  assets in inner layers)
• ???(safety)
• ??????????(isolate safety-critical components)

Assets??
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• ???(availability)
• ????????????(redundant components)
• ????(maintainability)
• ????(fine-grain)???????(self-contained)???

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?????(System Structuring)

• ?????(decomposing)??????????? (interacting
  sub-systems)
• ???????????(block diagram)?????????(overview)
• ??????(more specific models)????????????(share
  data)??????????

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??????????(Packing Robot Control System)
Gripper??
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• ????(vision system)
• ?????????(object)
• ??????(object identification system)
• ??????
• ??????(packing selection system)
• ?????????(packaging)
• ????(packing system)
• ????????????
• ???????(conveyer controller)
• ????????????????

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?????(Repository Model)

• ???????????????????
• ???????(shared data)??????????????(database or
  repository),??????????(access)
• ?????????????,???????????????????(pass)??
• ??????????,???????(repository model)????????????

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CASE?????(CASE Toolset Architecture)
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????????(Repository Model Characteristics)

• ??
• ???????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ?????(centralized management)
• ???(backup)????(security)?????(access
  control)?????(recovery from error)?

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• ??
• ???????????????????(repository data model)???
• ?????????,??????????????(fit the agreed
  schema),??????
• ?????????(data evolution is difficult and
  expensive)
• ??(transform)?????????(new model)????

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• ???????????,???(security)???(recovery)?????(backup
  policies)
• ??????(distribute)?????????????
• ???????????(data redundancy)????(inconsistency)???

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?????(Client-Server Architecture)

• ???????(distributed system model)?????????(process
  ing)?????????(components)?
• ?????????(set of stand-alone servers)?????????????
  ???
• ???(set of clients)?????????
• ?????????????

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?????(Client-Server Architectures)
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????(Architecture Options)
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??????(Film and Picture Library)
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????????(Client-Server Characteristics)

• ??
• ????????(distribution of data is straightforward)
• ????????????(networked systems),?????????
• ???????????????????

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• ??
• ????????,???????????????(data organization)
• ????????
• ????????????(redundant management)???
• ???????????????
• ??????????????????

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??????(Abstract Machine Model)

• ????(model)???????
• ?????????(layers)(?????(abstract
  machines)),??????????
• ??????,?????????????(incremental development)
• ???????????,??????????(adjacent layer)

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??????(Version Management System)
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2. ????(Control Models)

• ??????????(control flow)
• ?????(centralized control)
• ???????????(control)???(start)???(stop)????????(re
  sponsibility)
• ????????(event-based control)
• ??????????????(other sub-systems)?????(system
  environment)????????(externally generated
  events)????(response)

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?????(Centralized Control)

• ????????????????????
• ??/????(call-return model)
• ??????????(top-down subroutine model),????????(sub
  routine hierarchy)????(top)??,????????????????????
  ??
• ???????(sequential systems)

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• ?????(manager model)
• ???????(concurrent systems)
• ???????(?????)?????????????????
• ????????case statement?????

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??-????(Call-Return Model)
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???????(Event-Driven Systems)

• ???????????(driven by externally generated
  events)
• ???????????
• ????(broadcast models)
• ??(events)????????
• ?????????(handle the event)??????????
• ???????(interrupt-driven models)
• ??????(real-time),???????(interrupt
  handler)?????????,?????????

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??????(Real-Time System Control)
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????(Broadcast Model)

• ???????????????
• ?????????????(register an interest in specific
  events)
• ?????(events)???,?????????????????
• ?????????(event and message handler)????????(contr
  ol policy)
• ??????????????
• ??????????????????

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?????(Selective Broadcasting)
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??????? (Interrupt-Driven Systems)

• ??????,???????????
• ??????????(interrupt type)?????????(handler)
• ????????????????(memory location)????????(hardware
  switch),????????????????

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???????(Interrupt-Driven Control)
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3. ????(Modular Decomposition)

• ?????????,????????????
• ??????
• ????(object model)
• ????????????????(interacting objects)
• ?????(data-flow model)
• ???????????(functional modules),??????(inputs)????
  ???(outputs)
• ???????(pipeline model)

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????

• ???????????????(loosely coupled
  objects),????????????
• ???????(object-oriented decomposition)?????????(id
  entifying object classes)????(attributes)???(opera
  tions)
• ???,?????????,?????????(control
  model)????????(object operations)

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??????(Invoice Processing System)
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?????(Data-Flow Models)

• ??????(functional transformation)????????????
• ?????(pipe)????(filter) (?UNIX shell)
• ??????????
• ???(transformation)????(sequential),????????????(b
  atch sequential model),???????????????(data
  processing systems)
• ????????????

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??????(Invoice Processing System)
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4. ??????(Domain-Specific Architectures)

• ????????(domain-specific model)
• ????(generic models)
• ???????(real systems)???(abstraction)?????,???????
  ?????(principal characteristics)
• ????(reference models)
• ??????????(abstract, idealized model),????????????
  ?????????
• ???????????(bottom-up)??????????????(top-down)???

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????(Generic Models)

• ?????(compiler model)???????
• ?????(lexical analyzer)
• ?????????(language tokens),??????????(internal
  form)
• ???(symbol table)
• ???????????(names)???(types)???(????????)

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• ?????(syntax analyzer)
• ???????????????????,??????(checks the syntax of
  the language being compiled using a defined
  grammar and builds a syntax tree)
• ???(syntax tree)
• ??????(internal structure),??????????

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• ?????(semantic analyzer)
• ?????????????????????????(check the semantic
  correctness)
• ??????(code generator)
• ????(syntax tree)??(walk)????????

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?????(Compiler Model)
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??????(Language Processing System)
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????(Reference Architectures)

• ???????????????????(derived)?,???????????(abstract
  ion)??
• ??????????,??????????
• ?????????????(standard)
• OSI model?????????????

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OSI??????(OSI Reference Model)
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????

• Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 7th ed.,
  Addison-Wesley,2004.