Software Design/Database Design

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Software Design/Database Design
Dr. Praveen Madiraju Department of Mathematics,
Statistics, and Computer Science Marquette
University http//www.mscs.mu.edu/praveen/
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What is Design?
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What is Design? (contd)

• What is involved in Design Process?
• Goals, Ideas
• Knowledge, Representations
• Languages, Tools
• Activities
• Software is somewhat unique
• disparate projects
• changing tools
• many advances are in programming languages

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eCase Review Management System
Insurance Companies
Incoming Case
Case Review
Case Transcription
Billing
eCase Management System
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Software Development Process
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Software Development Process (contd)
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SCRUM Agile Software Development

• SCRUM is an agile, lightweight process for
  managing and controlling software and product
  development in rapidly changing environments.
• Iterative, incremental process
• Team-based approach
• developing systems/ products with rapidly
  changing requirements
• Improve communication and maximize cooperation
• A way to maximize productivity

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SCRUM (contd)

• Components of Scrum
• Roles Scrum Master, Team, Product Owner
• Process Sprint Planning, Sprint, Daily Scrum,
  Sprint Review Meeting

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Requirements Discovery Process

• Interviews with clients
• Gather functional and non-functional requirements
• Sometimes a quick prototype helps

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Requirements Discovery Process (contd)

• Capturing Requirements using Use-Case Modeling

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Requirements Analysis
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Software Design

• System design
• describes what the software system should do
• focuses more on desirability
• typically captures the overall, essential framing
  of the solution
• Includes database design as well
• specific technology and database independent
• Implementation design
• describes what the implementer should do
• focuses more on feasibility
• typically represents a final completed design
• typically captures a fully detailed roadmap

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Database Design

• Basic Concepts of Database
• Table Row, Column, Primary Key, Foreign Key,
  Index

Primary Key
Table Name
Foreign Key
EMPLOYEE
DEPARTMENT
SSN FName DNO
123 John 1
234 Leela 2
DNO DName
1 Accounting
2 Administration
Row
Column
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Database Design (contd)
Main Phases of Database Design
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ER (Entity Relationship) Modeling

• Conceptual design phase result is a conceptual
  schema
• ER consists of entities, attributes, and
  relationships
• Example Company Database System.
• We store each EMPLOYEEs social security number,
  address, salary, sex, and birthdate. Each
  employee works for one department but may work on
  several projects
• Entity EMPLOYEE, DEPARTMENT,
• Attributes SSN, Address, Sex, Birthdate
• Relationship WORKS_FOR,

Higher Level Requirements
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ER Modeling (cont'd)
LName
FName
MI
DName
DNO
Name
SSN
WORKS_FOR
1
DEPARTMENT
N
EMPLOYEE
DOB
Sex
Age
Phone
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ER Modeling (cont'd)
Strong Participation

• Types of Relationships
• 11 1N (previous slide)

MANAGES
1
DEPARTMENT
1
EMPLOYEE

• MN

WORKS_ON
N
PROJECT
M
EMPLOYEE
Hours
PNO
PName
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ER to Relational Schema

• Entities ? Tables
• Attributes ? Columns

EMPLOYEE_PHONE
EMPLOYEE
SSN Phone
123 414-111-
123 262-000
SSN FName LName MI DOB Age Sex
123 John Smith A M
234 Leela B F
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Database Tools

• ER Modeling Tools/Technologies
• Microsoft Visio
• Oracle Designer
• Rational Rose
• ERWin,
• Database Vendors
• Commercial Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL
  Server,
• Free Ware MySQL, SQLLite, PostgresSQL,
• Database Languages
• Structured Query Language (SQL), PL/SQL

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Application Design Models

• Data Flow Diagrams
• Pseudo code
• Algorithms
• Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling using UML
  (Unified Modeling Language)

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UML

• Use Case Diagrams
• Activity Diagrams
• Sequence Diagrams
• Class Diagrams

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Component Reuse

• If a component already exists, why re invent the
  wheel?
• There exists components for almost anything these
  days
• Risks associated with free or third party
  components

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User Interface Diagrams

• Mock-ups, Sketches, User interaction Diagrams,
  Prototype Demos, Browser

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User Interface Diagrams (contd)
Wireframe
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Application Design Tools

• UML Tools
• Rational Software Modeler, Microsoft Visio,
  Eclipse-Omondo, Dia (free ware),
• User Interface Tools
• Your favorite browser, Microsoft .NET framework,
  Java Swing, Visio, WireframeSketcher,

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Implementation

• Small stand alone applications
• Java, Microsoft .NET,
• Web based applications
• Java Servlets, Microsoft .NET, PHP-MySQL,
• Enterprise Resource Planning Applications
• SAP, Oracle Apps,

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Multi-tier Application Architecture
Server (Business Logic) (Data Access Logic)
Data Resources
Web Server (Business Logic) (Data Access Logic)
Client (Presentation Logic) (Business
Logic) (Data Access Logic)
Two-tier Architecture
Three-tier Architecture
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Multi-tier Application Architecture (contd)
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Construction and Testing

• Unit testing
• System testing

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Installation and Delivery

• Training Manual

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System Operation and Maintenance

• Program Back up, Recovery and Maintenance
• Technical Support
• Further System Enhancements
• Hopefully no bugs

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Thank you

• Questions?

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ER to Relational Schema (contd)

• Dealing with Relationships 11

DName
DNO
StartDate
SSN
FName
MANAGES
1
DEPARTMENT
1
EMPLOYEE
TRANSLATES TO
EMPLOYEE
DEPARTMENT
SSN FName
123 John
234 Leela
DNO DName MgrSSN MgrStartDate
1 Account.. 234
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ER to Relational Schema (contd)

• Dealing with Relationships 1N

DName
DNO
SSN
FName
WORKS_FOR
1
DEPARTMENT
N
EMPLOYEE
TRANSLATES TO
EMPLOYEE
DEPARTMENT
SSN FName DNO
123 John 1
234 Leela 1
DNO DName
1 Account..
2 Admin
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ER to Relational Schema (contd)

• Dealing with Relationships MN

FName
SSN
WORKS_ON
N
PROJECT
M
EMPLOYEE
Hours
PNO
PName
PROJECT
EMPLOYEE
WORKS_ON
PNO PName
1001 OceanBlue
1002 EverGreen
SSN FName
123 John
234 Leela
SSN PNO Hours
123 1001 20
123 1002 20