Ancient Greece

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Ancient Greece

• Chapter 13 Section 1

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Ancient Greece

• The Big Idea
• Through colonization, trade, and conquest, the
  Greeks spread their culture in Europe and Asia.
• Main Ideas
• Early Greek culture saw the rise of the
  city-state and the creation of colonies.
• The golden age of Greece saw advances in
  government, art, and philosophy.
• Alexander the Great formed a huge empire and
  spread Greek culture into new areas.

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Main Idea 1Early Greek culture saw the rise of
the city-state and the creation of colonies.
City-States

• City-states were political units made up of a
  city and all the surrounding lands.
• Usually built around a hill called the acropolis
  that held a fortress, temples, and other public
  buildings
• Most people thought of themselves as residents of
  a city-state, not as Greeks.

• Greeks established colonies around the Black and
  Mediterranean seas.
• Trade between cities and colonies helped keep
  Greek culture strong all over Europe.

Colonies
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Main Idea 2The golden age of Greece saw
advances in government, art, and philosophy.

• The period between 500 and 300 BC in Greece was a
  golden age, a period marked by great
  achievements.
• The golden age began after the Greeks banded
  together to defeat the powerful Persian Empire.
• Athens, the city-state that had led the fight
  against Persia, became the cultural center of
  Greece.
• Famous politicians, artists, and thinkers lived
  in Athens.
• Leaders like Pericles supported the arts.
• Athens was the worlds first democracy. People
  elected their leaders and helped make government
  decisions.

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Golden Age Achievements

• Architecture
• Greeks built magnificent marble structures all
  over Greece.
• Most famous building is the Parthenon, a huge
  temple in Athens.
• Greek buildings were symbols of the glory of the
  cities in which they were built.

• Art
• Greek art is still admired today.
• Greeks are most famous for their statues and
  carvings.
• They wanted their art to look realistic. Artists
  studied the human body to make their work as
  lifelike as possible.

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Golden Age Achievements

• Science
• Greeks wanted to learn how the human body works.
• Made advances in many fields
• Medicine
• Biology
• Math
• Astronomy
• Other sciences

• Philosophy
• Philosophers tried to figure out how people could
  be happy.
• Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were some of the
  most influential thinkers in world history.
• Their ideas still shape how we think today.

• Literature
• Wrote timeless classics
• Created stories about great heroes and
  adventures, poems about love and friendship, and
  fables meant to teach lessons
• Created drama, or plays, as a form of popular
  entertainment

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End of the Golden Age

• The golden age ended due to conflict between
  Athens and its rival city-state, Sparta.
• Sparta was a military city with a powerful army.
• Jealous of the influence Athens had over other
  city-states, Sparta attacked Athens.
• The war between Athens and Sparta ripped Greece
  apart. In the end, Sparta won.
• After the war, Greece was in shambles. Thousands
  of people had been killed and whole cities had
  been destroyed.

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Main Idea 3Alexander the Great formed a huge
empire and spread Greek culture into new areas.
Alexander the Great conquered Greece in the 330s
BC.
From Greece, he set out to create an empire. At
its height, the empire stretched from Greece to
India and included all of Central Asia and Egypt.
Alexander worked to spread Greek culture through
his empire. As a result, a new culture formed
that blended Greek and other cultures. Historians
call this culture Hellenistic, or Greek-like.
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