Title: Bellringer Take out a piece of paper and do the warm up and for notes!
1BellringerTake out a piece of paper and do the
warm up and for notes!
- What does absolutism mean? What does divine right
mean? - What was the Scientific Revolution? List two
scientific revolutionists and what they did. - What was the Enlightenment? List three
Enlightenment thinkers and what they believed.
2They Call it a Revolution.English (1689),
US(1776), French (1789), Haitian (1791) and Latin
American (1808-1825) Revolution
3The Glorious Revolution (in England)
- James II new Monarch
- Cause New King was a Catholic and viewed
- as a threat by members of the Anglican Church.
- James has a son (male heir). Protestants are
afraid his son will want to spread Catholicism. - William of Orange invades England to assume the
throne. James and his family flee to France,
surrendering the throne without a fight
(chicken). - Result William of Orange and his wife Mary
assume leadership of England. They agree to
increase power of the legislature and accepted an
English Bill of Rights.
4Results from the Glorious Revolution
- Known as the Bloodless revolution
- dissolved old beliefs about the divine rights of
kings - Est. Parliament as the ultimate power w/n the
British government - Laid the foundation of Englands constitutional
monarchy (king or queen is limited by laws)
5A Bill of Rights is created
- To make clear of the limits to royal power,
Parliament drafted a Bill of Rights in 1689. This
document listed many things the ruler could not
do. - No suspending of Parliaments laws
- No levying of taxes w/o grant from Parliament
- No interfering with freedom of speech
- This creates a Constitutional Monarchy
6American Revolution (fill in WKST)
- Causes
- Increasing population and prosperity
- -A new sense of identity was growing
- in the colonists mind
- British Laws and Acts
- -taxation without representation
- Enlightenment Ideas
- -Used enlightenment ideas to justify
independence. They asked for same political
rights as the people in Britain.
- Effects
- Declaration of Independence
- Constitution
- Bill of Rights
7The French Revolution Causes
- Peasants lost ½ their income to taxes. French
nobles were exempt from paying taxes. - Shortage in grain led to sharp increases in the
price of bread (poor peoples main food source) - King Louis XIVs lavish lifestyle left a massive
public debt - Cost of helping the Americans win their
revolution worsened the economy. - Louis the XV was a weak and indecisive ruler
8Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
9Calling the Estates General
- By the Spring of 1789 the French Government faced
the imminent threat of bankruptcy. - Louis solution Raise the taxes! He suggests
that the nobles pay taxes. - The assembly (made up of Nobles) refused his
suggestion - They called a meeting of all three estates to
vote on what to do.
10France Vs. France (causes)
- French society was divided between three estates
- 1) The Clergy (Catholic Bishops, priests, etc)
- 2) The Nobility (rich, land-owning aristocrats)
which occupied many of the nations positions of
leadership and influence - 3) Consisted of the more common classes and made
up the majority of the population. Included
Peasants, Shopkeepers, farmers and the
Bourgeoisie (French middle class) - When voting each estate usually gets one vote.
The first two estates vote the same and bully
the second estate into doing what they want them
to do. The third estate, sick of falling into
this trap, demanded that all 3 estates meet
together and every delegate get a vote. When the
king refused, the third estate declared itself
the true National Assembly and met nearby in an
indoor tennis court.
11Tennis Court Oath
- The Third Estate met in the tennis court, in
defiance of King Louis XVI order to disperse.
Instead they took an oath that they would not
leave until that had drafted a constitution. - The Tennis Court Oath marked the beginning of the
French Revolution. - Soon after nobles and members of the Clergy who
favored reform joined the third estate delegates
12A Revolution begins
- On July 14 1789, a mob searching for gunpowder
and arms stormed the Bastille, a Paris prison.
The mob overwhelmed the guard and seized control
of the building. - The attackers hacked several of the guards to
death and then paraded around the streets with
the dead mens heads on a long pole. - Ever since July 14th is known as Bastille Day, it
is similar to our 4th of July.
- This attack claimed the lives of about 100 people
13The Terror
- Louis XVI gets tried for treason
- He is found guilty and beheaded
- Maximillien Robespierre- leader of the army that
pushed back Frances Foreign enemies. - Robespierre basically become dictator of France.
- The state executed as many as 40,000 Frenchmen on
the guillotine - Robespierre executed in July, 1794
14Warm-up
- Louis XIV of France and Peter the Great of Russia
were considered absolute rulers because they - a. broke away from the Catholic Church
- b. helped feudal lords build secure castles
- c. instituted programs that provided more power
to their parliaments - d. determined government policies without the
consent of their people - One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and
the Enlightenment is that both - a. had the support of the Roman Catholic Church
- b. placed great value on traditional beliefs
- c. emphasized the value of observation and human
reason - d. contributed to the end of feudalism
- The writings of Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Locke
were similar in that each supported the
principles of - a. a military dictatorship
- b. an autocracy
- c. a theocratic society
- d. a democratic republic
15Rise of Napoleon
- Public discontent mounted as the interim
government failed to deal with inflation, food
shortages, and corruption. - On November 9, 1799, an ambitious and talented
young general named Napoleon Bonaparte over threw
the government and seized power. - This overthrow is called a coupdetat which is
a military overthrow of the government.
16Napoleon Bonaparte
- Napoleon quickly took command of the new
government. He held all the power and made all
the decisions. - Napoleons popularity continued to rise as he
restored order, stimulated prosperity and the
economy. - Grateful voters overwhelmingly endorsed
Napoleons rule, he successfully used the
democratic process to destroy democracy.
17Napoleonic codes
- Legal experts consolidated hundreds of local law
codes into a uniform legal code, that is still
the basis of French law today. - The new code guaranteed many achievements of the
French Revolution, including equality before the
law, freedom of religion, the abolition of
privilege, and the protection of property rights. - Napoleon understood the importance of ending the
strained relationship between the French
Government and the Catholic Church.
18How did such a little man have so much power?
- He censored the press and suppressed political
opposition - He declared himself emperor on Dec. 2, 1804
- By 1799 he had signed peace treaties with
Britain, Austria and Prussia. By 1802 Europe was
at peace for the first time in 10 yrs. - He exercised authority over various independent
states (Spain, Italy, the Netherlands,
Switzerland, and parts of Germany) - He also forced nations he defeated to join him in
wars against Great Britain - As Napoleon acquired more territory and
influence, ideas and principles of the French
Revolution, such as equality, nationalism (pride
in ones country) and religious toleration, spread
to other countries - He dissolved what remained of the Holy Roman
Empire
19What would make this little man fall?
- 1) He could never defeat the British (think
geographic advantages of Great Britain) - 2) As the French Empire spread, so did
nationalism - 3) Despite his keen since to military
over-powerment, he made some key mistakes - Most notably to invade Russia
- Tired, cold and starving
20Average Temp is 23 degrees. In winter -13
21What happened to him
- March of 1814- Napoleon was exiled to the island
of Elba - March 1815- Napoleon escaped Elba and formed a
new army. In June Napoleon was defeated at the
Battle of Waterloo. - Now he is exiled to St. Helena, a remote island
in the South Atlantic. Once a master of Europe,
Napoleon now lived in lonely exile writing
memoirs, he died in 1821.
22Latin American Revolution
- Almost all of Latin America was controlled by
Spain - Latin America is composed of South America and
Middle/Central America - Cause During this time these countries began to
feel discontent towards Spain and Portugal.
Resented what they saw as unfair economic
policies. - Result By 1810 Jose de San Martin led forces
that expelled the Spanish from Argentina. Simon
Bolivar liberated Venezuela, Columbia and Ecuador
from Spanish rule. - Great Britains navy shielded the new nation from
further European invasion
23Haitian Revolution
- Haiti was a French colony
- Cause In 1791, black slaves in Saint-Dominique
rebelled against their white masters after
learning of a revolution in Europe. - Toussaint LOuverture became their leader,
proclaimed himself ruler, and then freed all the
slaves. - Result First Free Black Country
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