Amphibian%20(Frog)

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Amphibian (Frog)

• Internal systems

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Digestive system

• Omnivore - Frogs eat bugs and some plant
  material. They swallow the food mostly whole and
  alive. The tongue, vomerine teeth and the
  maxillary teeth catch food.
• Mouth (no real break down happens here)
• Throat / Pharynx swallows the food
• Esophagus - food pipe where food goes into the
  internal digestive system

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Digestion Continued

• Liver has three lobes and help to break down
  fats and proteins
• Gal bladder helps with fats
• Pancreas helps to break down starches,
  carbohydrates and sugars involved in diabetes
• Stomach has many enzymes that break food down
  further into useable parts for the cells

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• Small intestine takes the broken down parts of
  food and gets them to the cells that need it by
  absorption
• Large intestine un-used food/waste is packaged
  and gets ready to leave the body.
• Cloaca large sac that holds solid and liquid
  wastes and reproductive gametes
• Anus the way the material leaves the body.

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Urinary System

• Liquid waste is removed from the body (excretory
  system) and blood is cleaned
• The kidney cleans the blood of all liquid toxins
  and then takes all un-used liquid waste and
  toxins then removes it from the body by way of
  the uriters to the bladder, then to the cloaca
  and out the anus. usually gametes travel with
  urine from the cloaca.
• The kidneys are protected by fat and by the
  reproductive gland. Located by the backbone on
  the dorsal surface.

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Respiratory system

• The mouth and nostrils take the air into the
  mouth and the air can go one of two places,
  either the air sac for sounds or the throat/
  pharynx. Once in the pharynx air goes to the
  windpipe trachea and then to the lungs. (bags of
  cells)

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Respiratory system

• Small cells in the lungs fill with oxygen and
  then push the oxygen into the blood. (closed
  system) The blood then flows to all parts of the
  body by way of vessels. Arteries carry blood
  rich in oxygen and veins carry blood poor in
  oxygen back to the lungs to get more oxygen.

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Respiratory system

• The skin is also used as a secondary respiratory
  system. Oxygen comes across the moist skin
  (mucus glands keep it moist) and then that oxygen
  goes directly to the cells for quick energy for
  the cells.

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Circulatory system

• This system has all veins and arteries to move
  the blood, so it is called a closed system.
  Adult amphibians have a heart that has three
  chambers and pumps blood.
• Heart 2 atriums and 1 ventricle
• It pumps the blood through-out the body at a
  steady beat. Squeeze and release.

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Circulatory system

• Arteries take blood from the heart that has
  gotten oxygen from the lungs and then gets it to
  the cells and organs in the body.
• Veins take the blood from the organs once they
  have used the blood and returns it to the heart
  to get more oxygen. (closed system, no blood is
  lost or absorbed)

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Circulatory system

• Kidney cleans the blood of major toxins
• Liver cleans the blood of toxins
• Spleen organ that makes more blood as needed
  for the body. (regulates) Blood cells cannot last
  a lifetime they get worn out and new ones are
  needed to replace them

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Skeletal system

• Endoskeleton made of hard bones that protect the
  internal organs. Gives shape to the frog.
• Head Skull protects the brain
• Ribs and Back bone Protect the heart, liver and
  spleen
• Appendages and the flanges hind, fore legs and
  the toes and give support and help with movement

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Nervous system

• Complex system. The frog has all five senses.
• He/ she can smell with its nostrils and that
  information goes directly to the brain (olfactory
  nerve)
• He / she can taste and the tongue and mouth take
  that information directly to the brain to several
  different nerves in the cortex.

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• They can hear and the sound waves go to the
  tympanic membrane and then to the estuation tube
  then to the auditory nerve in the brain
• They can feel they have nerves in every part of
  their body to respond and feel their surroundings
• They can see light and colors these go to the
  visual part of the brain and then is processed in
  the cerebellum of the brain.

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• All the nerves travel through the body by way of
  an organization tube called a nerve cord. They
  then branch off into groups at different points
  where a ganglion then transfers the information
  to the cells themselves. Information moves to
  and from the body by the ganglion and nerve cord.
  The nerve cord is protected by the backbone.
• The brain is very complex. The frog can think,
  plan, and be taught to do simple things.

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Reproductive System

• Frogs reproduce sexually. They are male and
  female
• The female releases the batch of eggs into the
  water and the male then fertilizes them in the
  water. The eggs stay in the water for up to two
  months before they hatch. Hundreds of eggs are
  laid, but only a few (100) hatch and only about
  10 become frogs and only about 1-2 make it to
  adults. Eggs are good food for lots of animals
  (fish)

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