Unix ??

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Unix ??
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Unix-like System

• Linux
• FreeBSD
• Solaris
• Mac OS X

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Tools

• Login tools
• Putty / pietty
• Editors
• ee(Easy Editor)
• vi
• FTP tools
• WinSCP
• FileZilla Client

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How to use putty/pietty?

• Putty
• http//www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/sgtatham/putty/
  download.html
• Pietty
• http//www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/piaip/pietty/

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Log in

• The default for SSH service is port 22
• bsd1.cs.nctu.edu.tw bsd5.cs.nctu.edu.tw
• linux1.cs.nctu.edu.tw linux6.cs.nctu.edu.tw

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Unix-like command - Shell

• Command
• ls - list directory contents
• mv - move files or directories
• mkdir - make directories
• rm - remove files or directories
• cd - change directory
• man - format and display the on-line manual pages
• chmod - change file system modes of files and
  directories.

Reference http//www.csie.nctu.edu.tw/tsaiwn/cou
rse/introcs/history/linux/linux.tnc.edu.tw/techdoc
/shell/book1.html
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Unix-like command - Shell

• Command
• ls -a
• Include directory entries whose names begin with
  a dot (".").
• ls -l
• (The lowercase letter "ell".) List files in the
  long format, as described in the The Long Format
  subsection below.
• man ls

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Unix-like command - Shell

• Command
• mkdir folder_name (create folder)
• rmdir folder_name (delete folder)
• rm file_name (delete file)
• mv source target (move files or folder)

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Unix-like command - Shell

• Command
• cd directory (change the working directory)
• pwd (return working directory name)
• chmod mode file (change file modes)
• Mode usergroupguest
• -rwxrwxrwx 1 user group 1 Sep 28 2010 test.txt
• Ex. chmod 644 test.txt
• -rw-r--r-- 1 user group 1 Sep 28 2010
  test.txt

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Unix-like command - Shell

• Command
• man man
• (format and display the on-line manual pages)
• Other
• Reference
• http//www.csie.nctu.edu.tw/tsaiwn/course/introcs
  /history/linux/linux.tnc.edu.tw/techdoc/shell/book
  1.html
• http//linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/redhat6.1/linux
  _06command.php

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ee/edit

• BSD only
• Start ee ee ltinput filenamegt
• Usage
• edit mode like notepad
• ESC-ENTER save/exit

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vi

• Vi editor have two modes
• Command mode
• Edit mode
• start vi
• vi ltfilenamegt

Command mode
Edit mode
Insert Delete Replace Copy .....
Command mode
Exit Edit mode
Esc
Reference http//www.csie.nctu.edu.tw/tsaiwn/cou
rse/introcs/history/linux/linux.tnc.edu.tw/techdoc
/vi.htm
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FTP - WinSCP

• Add new account
• ?????????
• Port 22
• SFTP

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FTP - FileZilla

• ???????
• ????
• ?SFTP
• ????(??)

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Fork thread ??
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fork

• fork - create a new process
• The new process (child process) shall be an exact
  copy of the calling process (parent process)
• The child process shall have a unique process
  ID(different parent process ID).
• The return value in the child is 0,whereas the
  return value in the parent is the process ID of
  the new child.
• It return -1 only when fork failed.

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fork() - example1
gcc fork1.c -o fork1 ./fork1 1 16444
my child is 16445 I am child! ps PID TTY
TIME CMD 16212 pts/18 000000
tcsh 16444 pts/18 000005 fork1 16445 pts/18
000005 fork1 16446 pts/18 000000 ps
killall -v fork1 Killed fork1(16444) with signal
15 Killed fork1(16445) with signal 15 1
Terminated ./fork1

• include ltstdio.hgt
• include ltstdlib.hgt
• include ltunistd.hgt
• int main(void)
• pid_t pid
• pid fork()
• switch (pid)
• case -1 printf("failure!\n") break
• case 0 printf("I am child!\n") break
• default printf("my child is d\n",pid) break
• for () / do something here /

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Shared Memory

• Memory space is shared between processes
• int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int
  shmflg)
• Request a shared memory, and the return value is
  a shared memory ID
• void shmat(int shmid, const void shmaddr,
  int shmflg)
• Attach an existing shared memory to an address
  space, and the return value is void pointer to
  the memory
• int shmdt(const void shmaddr)
• Detach a shred memory, shmaddr is the value
  return by shmat()
• int shmctl(int shmid, int IPC_RMID, NULL)
• Remove a shared memory

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fork() shared memory
gcc fork2.c -o fork2 ./fork2 1 17671
parent rand 5 child get number 5

• include ltsys/ipc.hgt
• include ltsys/shm.hgt
• include ltstdio.hgt
• include ltstdlib.hgt
• include ltunistd.hgt
• int main()
• int ShmID, ShmPTR
• pid_t pid
• ShmID shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, sizeof(int),
  IPC_CREAT0666)
• ShmPTR (int ) shmat(ShmID, NULL, 0)
• pid fork()
• if (pid -1) printf("failure!\n")
• else if (pid 0)
• for()
• if( ShmPTR0 ! 0 )
• printf("child get number d\n",ShmPTR0)
• exit(0)

Fork failure
Child process
Parent process
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Thread

• Light weight process
• Share resources
• Own private data
• Synchronization

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Pthread API

• int pthread_create(pthread_t thread, const
  pthread_attr_t attr, void (start_routine)(void
  ), void arg)
• Create a new thread. If successful, the function
  returns 0
• int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void status)
• Suspend caller until thread argument ends. If
  successful, the function returns 0
• void pthread_exit(void status)
• Terminate calling thread
• int pthread_cancel(pthread_t thread)
• Send a cancellation request to a thread
• int pthread_kill(pthread_t thread, int sig)
• Send the signal sig to thread
• pthread_t pthread_self(void)
• Return ID of calling thread

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How to create Pthread in unix-like OS?

• Linux, BSD, Salorisetc
• Include
• include ltpthread.hgt
• Command line
• g threads.cpp -lpthread -o threads

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pthread() example1

• include ltpthread.hgt
• include ltiostreamgt
• include ltunistd.hgt
• define NUM_THREADS 5
• void PrintHello(void )
• int main (int argc, char argv)
• pthread_t threadsNUM_THREADS
• int rc , t
• for(t0tltNUM_THREADSt)
• printf("In main creating thread d\n", t)
• rc pthread_create(threadst , NULL ,
  PrintHello , (void )t)
• usleep(1000)
• if(rc)

void PrintHello(void threadid) int tid
((int )threadid) printf("Hello World! thread
d\n", tid) pthread_exit(NULL)
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pthread() example1 cont.

• g threads1.cpp -o threads1 -lpthread
• ./thread1
• In main creating thread 0
• Hello World! thread 0
• In main creating thread 1
• Hello World! thread 1
• In main creating thread 2
• Hello World! thread 2
• In main creating thread 3
• Hello World! thread 3
• In main creating thread 4
• Hello World! thread 4

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pthread() example2
void doSomething(void arg) for ()
int tmp ((int )arg) cout ltlt tmp
cout.flush() sleep(tmp) return NULL

• include ltiostreamgt
• include ltpthread.hgt
• using namespace std
• void doSomething(void arg)
• int main()
• int tmp11, tmp22
• pthread_t t1
• if ( pthread_create(t1, NULL, doSomething, (int
  )tmp1) ! 0 )
• cout ltlt "pthread_create() error" ltlt endl
• exit(-1)
• doSomething((int )tmp2)

g threads2.cpp -o threads2 -lpthread
./thread2 211211211211211(loop)
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Assignment
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1-1. use fork() and pthread

• Create two global arrays with five elements
• Just rand() all the elements between 110, and
  find the maximum
• Print out all the elements and maximum of each
  array, and the maximum of the two arrays
• Output sample
• array1 4 6 7 7 8, max18
• array2 3 7 6 3 1, max27
• maximum8

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1-1. use fork()

• VER. Fork
• Create a child process
• parent rand() the values of array1 and find the
  max1 of array1
• child rand() the values of array2 and find the
  max2 of array2
• Then child find the maximum between max1 and
  max2(YES! communication between process!)

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1-1. use Pthread

• VER. Thread
• Create two threads
• thread1 rand() the values of array1 and find the
  max1 of array1, then sleep(max1)
• thread2 rand() the values of array2 and find the
  max2 of array2, then sleep(max2)
• Then main process find the maximum between max1
  and max2.

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1-2 producer and consumer

• First, build a GLOBAL BUFFER. Its a queue(only
  need FIFO array, dont need to create a queue)
• Build a producer thread and consumer thread
• Producer put numbers by rand() into buffer. You
  cant put more number when the buffer is full.
• Consumer take out the numbers in the buffer. You
  cant take more number out when the buffer is
  empty.
• Print out the number and its location in buffer
  from Producer and Consumer (see textbook 7th.
  Edition Ch3-4)

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1-2 cont.

• Buffer size5
• Number of consumer and producer 12
• Output sample
• producer(1)-producer put 208 in buffer0
• producer(2)-producer put 142 in buffer1
• consumer(1)-consumer get 208 in buffer0
• producer(3)-producer put 66 in buffer2
• producer(4)-producer put 241 in buffer3
• producer(5)-producer put 164 in buffer4
• consumer(2)-consumer get 142 in buffer1
• producer(6)-producer put 7 in buffer0
  ..

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1-2 cont.

• includeltstdio.hgt
• includeltpthread.hgt
• include lttime.hgt
• define BUFFER_SIZE 5
• int bufferBUFFER_SIZE
• void consumer(void argv)
• for (int num0numlt12num)
• sleep(rand()10)
• //write here
• void producer(void argv)
• for (int num0numlt12num)
• sleep(rand()5)
• //write here
• int main()
• int errno

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Requirement

• You should submit three c/cpp files and one
  report
• The report should include output results and what
  you have learned in this homework
• File format
• 1-1-fork.c
• 1-1-thread.c
• 1-2.c
• STUDENT_ID.doc

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Requirement cont.

• Compress your file and named as STUDENT_ID.zip
• Upload to the FTP
• host caig.cs.nctu.edu.tw
• port 30021
• username OS11
• password OS11

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Q A