Value Sets

1
Value Sets

• Conformity
• Tradition
• Security
• Self-direction
• Stimulation

• Hedonism
• Universalism
• Benevolence
• Power
• Achievement

• Conservation (1,2,3)
• vs. Openness to
  change (4,5,6)
• Self-transcendence (7,8)
• vs. Self-enhancement
  (6,9,10)

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The Importance of Values

• Desirable, transsituational goals, varying in
  importance, that serve as guiding principles in
  the life of a person or other social entity
• Schwartz, 1994
• Values are stable across time and context
• Values occur in sets that can be ordered and
  prioritized
• Weighting of values accounts for endless
  variations in individual, interpersonal,
  institutional, and cultural value orientations

3
Weighting Values

• Fascist, capitalist, socialist, and communist
  ideologies could be distinguished by their
  relative ranking of only two values freedom and
  equality.
• Even if people could agree on a universal set of
  values, we would never agree on how to weight
  each one in a given situation.

4
Value Characteristics

• Sometimes elusive
• Operate at different levels
• Involve choice
• Pertain to the desirable and moral
• Refer to goals
• Motivate action
• Exist in ordered sets

5
Values in Community Psychology
Context Context shapes values well-being may depend on the congruence between personal values and the values in various contexts
Diversity Other groups value different ways of thinking lack of attention to spirituality impeded efforts to devise culturally valid and effective interventions
Social Change Values direct and sustain social change our values based social convictions enable us to pursue social justice
Strengths Values are an important source of strength spirituality and religion are sources of strength for many people and communities
6
Professional Ethics

• Ethical guidelines are professional principles
  established to protect the interests of group
  members and of the people they serve.
• APA Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct
• http//www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
• Institutional Review Board
• http//www.uml.edu/ora/institutionalcompliance

7
Individualism

• Stresses the importance of individuality,
  independence, autonomy, personal achievement and
  self-assertion
• Psychology stresses self-improvement,
  self-sufficiency, self-realization,
  self-fulfillment and self-esteem.
• Non-western cultures (70 of the world) are
  collectivist, where interdependences and
  interrelationships define the individual in a
  greater context
• Motivation by social achievement

8
Beyond the Individual

• Lewin - Behavior f(Person, Environment)
• Barker - Behavior settings
• Moos - Social climate
• Sarason - Psychological sense of community
• Kelly - Ecological systems
• Bronfenbrenner - Ecological model

9
Barkers Behavior Settings

• Behavior setting small social systems in which
  prescribed behaviors unfold over time
• Genotype groups of similar setting types
• Setting programs/scripts - the predictable
• behaviors within a setting
• Underpopulation - provides greater
  opportunities for
• fewer individuals
• Overpopluation - more competition, only the best
  get
• to participate
• Habitant-inhabitant bias - uneven distribution
  of
• people from different social groups
  across
• behavior settings
• Do opportunities coincide with the groups
  needs

10
Moos Social Climate

• Social climate is the personality of a social
  setting
• Relationship orientation
• Personal development orientation
• System maintenance/change orientation
• Response to change
• Social climate scales 90-100 questions, Used to
  identify
• outcomes related to specific climates
• High relationship satisfaction, heightened
  self-esteem
• High development acquire new skills
• Also used to determine person-environment fit
  identify the differences between real and ideal
  environments to drive interventions, placements,
  and program changes.

11
Sarasons Sense of Community

• The feeling that one belongs to a readily
  available, mutually supportive network of
  relationships on which one can depend.
• McMillan Chavis identified four components
• Group membership/Community spirit
• Mutual Influence
• Integration and need fulfillment
• Emotional connection
• PSC important for two reasons
• Personal well-being
• Sense of community

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Kellys Ecological Analogy
Interdependence the actions of one component
have implications for all the others Adaptation
survival over time requires effective responses
to changing character of the system Cycling of
Resources these resources include the talents
and skills of community members and community
characteristics Succession Systems are
constantly changing, some of the change is
predictable as the components within the system
move from one role/scenario to another
13
Bronfenbrenners Ecological Model
A framework and language that provides a method
for examining settings at different levels and
interactions between them. The basis is that
individuals live within nested social
systems. Individual/Microsystem family, work,
classroom, workplace Mesosystem interactions
between microsystems Exosystem formal/informal
structures that do not contain the
individual Macrosystem patterns of
culture/subculture
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