New Nationalism

1
New Nationalism

• Heightened nationalism (emergence of American
  literature, art, history)
• Expansion of army and navy
• Revive Bank of the United States
• Rebuild a newer, better capital/White House
• Building a national turnpike
• Defeating the Barbary Pirates 1815

2
The American System

• Tariff of 1816
• first protective tariff in US history,
• 20-25 of dutiable imports
• Henry Clays American System
• Strong Bank ? available credit
• Protective Tariff ? encourage manufacturing
• AND pay for canals and roads
• Canals and Roads ? connect and integrate the
  growing countrys economy
• NOTE Republicans defeated federal support for
  state
• improvements, ergo Erie Canal, etc. paid for by
  States

3
Era of Good Feelings Really?

• Election of 1816 Republicans crush Federalists,
  183 to 34 (see election.org)
• James Monroe is 8th President of the United
  States
• Monroe is the ambassador of Nationalism
• Monroes administration was called the Era of
  Good Feelings
• WHY?
• ANSWER With no Federalists, the US seemed united

4

• THE PANIC OF 1819
• Over speculation on the frontier causes first
  national recession since Washington was
  President.
• Bank of United States demanded payment from
  Western banks ? chain reaction of foreclosures,
  bank failures, bankruptcies, unemployment.
• Westerners are especially hard hit ?
• giving rise to Jacksonian democrats
• Is the Era of Good Feelings over?
• How do you explain the election of 1820?

5
Growing Pains out West

• Nine Western States added from 1791 1819
• States admitted slave or free alternatively.
  WHY?
• FACTORS DRIVING WESTWARD MIGRATION?
• Immigration from the older states and from Old
  World
• Land exhaustion in tobacco states
• Ending Indian threat on frontier
• Improved roads and highways
• Invention of steamboat
• Land speculation
• Economic hardship ? new opportunities

6
Western Demands

1. Cheap acreage ? Land Act of 1820
2. Cheap Transportation ? Federal subsidies
3. Cheap Money ? Wildcat banks

7
Rush-Bagot Treaty- 1818
The RushBagot Agreement between Great Britain
and the United States demilitarized the Great
Lakes and defined the border between the US and
Canada at the 49th parallel. Negotiated by
Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, the
RushBagot Agreement eliminated some of the most
contentious issues between the United States and
Great Britain.                                   
 http//www.historycentral.com/NN/Rush.html      
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9
Oregon and Florida

• John Quincy Adams, Sec. of State, negotiates
  Treaty of 1818
• Established the boundary w/ Canada
• Est. important fishing rights off Newfoundland
• Est. 10 yr. Joint occupation of Oregon
• 1818 Jackson invades Spanish Florida
• under guise of pursuing outlaws and exceeds his
  authority
• from Washington, deposing Spanish governor and
  executing
• prisoners. John Q. Adams takes advantage of
  Jacksons
• bloody zeal and forces Spain to concede Florida.

10
SLAVERY, SECTIONALISM, BALANCE?

• Debate over Missouris admission as a state
  threatens the balance of power.
• Missouri is the first state from the LA Territory
• Tallmadge amendment prohibits growth of slavery
  in the territory, South fears federalist
  intervention in South itself
• Seen by South as a tipping point falling
  behind more and more
• Missouri Compromise is forged by Henry Clay

11
Missouri Compromise of 1820

• A little horse-trading
• Maine will be admitted as a free state
• Missouri will be admitted as a slave state
• (defeating the Tallmadge Amendment)
• This keeps the balance of slavefree at 1212.
• Southern Boundary of Missouri set as the
  northernmost boundary of slavery
• True compromise nobody very happy with result!
• Lasted for 15 years, until Bleeding Kansas.
• Despite conflict over slavery, nationalism
  prevails

12
WEBSTER AND MARSHALL

• Federalists may be dead,
• but FEDERALISM is alive and well!!!
• Q What is the legacy of Webster and Marshall?
• A A strong federal government
• and a uniform and stable environment for business

13
McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819

• ISSUE Can the state of MD tax the national bank?
• (States v. Federal Government)
• DECISION (Marshall) Federal government CAN
  create the national bank (due to implied powers)
  AND the state of MD CANNOT tax the bank b/c
• the power to tax implies the power to destroy
• a power to create implies a power to preserve
• HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
• Marshall creates the legal theory of
• loose constructionism with this decision.

14
Cohens v. Virginia, 1821

• ISSUE The Cohens appeal decision of State Court
  of Virginia convicting them to Supreme Court.
• DECISION Virginia Courts decision is upheld.
• HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
• Marshall establishes the Supreme Courts right
• to review the decisions of State Courts.
• (Big blow to states rights!)

15
Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824

• ISSUE Can one state (NY) control interstate
  commerce (by granting a monopoly to a ferry
  company).
• DECISION No, only Congress may control
  interstate commerce.
• HISTORICAL DECISION
• Affirms the Constitution,
• power of federal government,
• and limits the states rights re commerce.

16
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)Dartmouth College v.
Woodward (1819)

• ISSUE Can legislatures violate private
  contracts?
• DECISION No. Affirmed private property rights
  over and against popular legislatures.
• HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
• Strengthened property rights
• against attacks by democratic institutions

17
Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• Pres. Monroe, inspired by John Quincy Adams
  declares
• 1. Europe may no longer colonize in the Western
  Hemisphere
• 2. Europe may no longer intervene in the Western
  Hemisphere
• Directed at monarchies in Europe, esp. Russia who
  were threatening American and Latin American
  republics.
• ENFORCER?
• Britain!
• Why?