THE END OF THE VIETNAM WAR

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THE END OF THE VIETNAM WAR

• CHAPTER 30, SECTION 5

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VOCABULARY

• VIETNAMIZATION
• SILENT MAJORITY
• PENTAGON PAPERS
• HENRY KISSINGER
• KHMER ROUGE
• WAR POWERS ACT

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IMPORTANT DATES

• MARCH, 1968 THE MY LAI MASSACRE
• 1969 VIETNAMIZATION BEGINS
• April, 1970 U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA
• 1971 THE PENTAGON PAPERS RELEASED
• DEC., 1972 THE CHRISTMAS BOMBINGS
• MARCH, 1973 U.S. COMBAT TROOPS LEAVE VIETNAM
• NOV., 1973 WAR POWERS ACT PASSES
• 1975 FALL OF SAIGON SOUTH VIETNAM

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Lt. William Calley, U.S.A. (Below) My Lai
Village (Right)
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WILLIAM CALLEY ON TIME MAGAZINE COVER, 1971
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Charlie Company landing at My Lai, March 19, 1968
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Charlie Company members in My Lai
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Charlie Company member takes aim, My Lai, March
19, 1968
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Dead civilians, My Lai, March 19, 1968
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Charlie Company WIA, My Lain, March 19, 1968
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Charlie Company members aid wounded child, My
Lai, March 19, 1968
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Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson, U.S. Army,
Recipient - Distinguished Flying Cross
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• THERE IS NOT A DAY THAT GOES BY THAT I DONT
  FEEL REMORSE FOR WHAT HAPPENED THAT DAY IN MY
  LAI.
• WILLIAM CALLEY, AUGUST 19, 2009

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DE-ESCALATION

• NOV., 1968 NIXON WINS ELECTION
• HAD PROMISED TO GAIN PEACE WITH HONOR FOR THE
  U.S. VIETNAMIZATION
• 1969 VIETNAMIZATION BEINGS
• U.S. CREDIBILITY DAMAGED BY NEWS OF MY LAI
  MASSACRE (MARCH, 1968)
• 1970 ANTI-WAR PROTESTS REACH ALL-TIME HIGH
• April, 1970 U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA WHY?
• NVA / VC USED CAMBODIA AS SANCTUARY
• HO CHI MINH TRAIL USED PART OF CAMBODIA
• PROTESTS BECOME MORE VIOLENT

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Kent State

• May, 1970 KENT STATE RIOT
• Students protesting war burn down ROTC building
  on Campus
• National Guard is called in
• -Protestors start to throw rocks on at the
  National Guardsmen
• -Soldiers open fire on protestors
• 9 wounded
• 4 killed
• Damages Nixons Image

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Ohio National Guard Approaches students at Kent
State
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Peace With Honor

• Meant to maintain US dignity in face of
  withdrawal.
• Nixon did not want US to look bad on the world
  stage.
• Even as US troops pulled out, Nixon increased
  bombing on N. Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia
• I call it the madmen theoryI want the North
  Vietnamese to believe Ive reached the point
  where I might do anything to stop the war
  -Richard Nixon

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THE END OF THE WAR

• JUNE, 1971 PENTAGON PAPERS RELEASED
• DEFINE GOVT. DOCUMENTS PROVING THAT LBJ ADMIN.
  HAD PLANNED TO SEND COMBAT TROOPS TO VIETNAM
  BEFORE 1964
• DOCUMENTS RELEASED BY DANIEL ELLSBERG
• DOCUMENTS CONVINCE MANY THAT GOVT CANT BE
  TRUSTED
• U.S. CONITNUES PEACE NEGOTIATIONS
• HENRY KISSINGER, NIXONS NATIONAL SECURITY
  ADVISOR, HANDLES NEGOTIATIONS
• JAN., 1973 PEACE NEGOTIATIONS SIGNED
• MARCH, 1973 LAST U.S. COMBAT TROOPS LEAVE
  VIETNAM
• S.VIETNAM / ARVN NOW HANDLE THE WAR
• MARCH, 1975
• NVA CAPTURE SAIGON
• S.VIETNAM FALLS
• COMMUNISTS UNIFY VIETNAM / WIN WAR
• FINAL RESULTS FOR U.S.
• KIA 58,000
• WIA 360,000

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• Pres. Nixon
• Kissinger

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• 1973 U.S. Troops
• Arrive in America
• U.S. Troops after
• hearing news of the
• U.S. withdrawal

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OTHER EFFECTS

• CAMBODIA
• SIEZED BY EXTREMIST COMMUNISTS CALLED THE KHMER
  ROUGE
• LED BY POL POT
• KHMER ROUGE WANT TO MAKE CAMBODIA TOTAL
  AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
• WESTERNERS EXILED / CAMBODIANS FORCED INTO LABOR
  COMMUNES
• 1975-79 3 MILLION CAMBODIANS KILLED
• U.S. GOVERNMENT
• 1973 WAR POWERS ACT PASSED
• DEFINE
• PRES. MUST INFORM CONGRESS W/IN 48 HRS. OF
  SENDING COMBAT FORCES INTO HOSTILE AREA W/OUT
  DECLARATION OF WAR
• PRES. MAY NOT KEEP COMBAT FORCES IN HOSTILE AREA
  MORE THAN 90 DAYS W/OUT CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL

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VIETNAM WAR MEMORIAL, Washington, D.C.
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VIETNAM MEMORIAL
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Quiz

• Term for S. Vietnam taking over the fighting from
  the US?
• Who leaked the Pentagon Papers?
• Who negotiated peace deal with N. Vietnam?
• College in Ohio where US National Guard shot
  student protestors.
• Leader of the Khmer Rouge.