20c China

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The Communist Revolution 1946 - 1949
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The Peoples Liberation Army, 1949
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The Communist Victory
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Taiwan The Republic of China
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Jiang Jieshu (1887-1975)
(Chiang Kai-shek)
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Madame Jiang Jieshu
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The Peoples Republic of China
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Reasons for the Communists Success

• Mao won support of peasants land
• Mao won support of women
• Maos army used guerilla war tactics
• Many saw the Nationalist government as
  corrupt
• Many felt that the Nationalists allowed
  foreigners to dominate China.

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The Great Leap Forward (or Backward?) 1958-1961
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Great Leap Forward, 1958

• 5 year plan to increase agriculture and
  industry
• Communes
• Groups of people who live and work together
• Property held in common
• Had production quotas
• Failed due to poor quality of products, poor
  weather hurt agriculture

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Communist China Under Mao

• Industrialized China
• Increased literacy
• Class privileges ended
• Rural Chinese received health care
• One-party dictatorship
• Denied people basic rights and freedoms --gt
  Inner Mongolia, Tibet

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Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama in Beijing, 1954

• Tibet --gt an autonomous area.
• Dalai Lama fled in the late 1950s to
  India.

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The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 1966 -
1976
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A Campaign Against the FOUR OLDS

• Old Thoughts
• Old Culture
• Old Customs
• Old Habits

To Rebel Is Good!
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Communist China Under Mao

• Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and
  establish a more equitable society
• Mao wanted to put intellectuals in their
  place
• Schools shut down students revolted
• Red Guards students who attacked
  professors, government officials, factory
  managers

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A Red Guard
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Red Guards March to Canton
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With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao,
cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the
great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the
word 'Usefullness'. (1968)
Cult of Personality
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The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart,
Chairman Mao, and us togetherZhejiang Workers,
Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968
Maos Little Red Book
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Propaganda Poster
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Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and
into the thick of struggle!1967-1972
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Propaganda Poster
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Propaganda Poster
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Propaganda Poster
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Ping-Pong Diplomacy U. S. Players at Great
Wall, 1971
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Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972
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Power Struggle
Communist Traditionalists
Modernists
1976
Zhou Enlai
The Gang of Four Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang
Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan
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Communist Government and a Capitalist Economy
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Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)
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De-Maoization
The 4 ModernizationsProgress in

• Agriculture
• Industry
• Science
• Defense

Class struggle was no longer the central focus!
31
Gap Between Rich Poor
Deng If you open a window, some flies
naturally get in!
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
More democracy!
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
DemocracyOur Common Ideal!
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
TheGoddessofDemocracy
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Government Clamps Down
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
One Lone Mans Protest
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre The Peoples Army Moves In
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre A Human Body Crushed by an Army
Tank
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Army Looks for Dissidents
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student Leaders Are Arrested
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Reestablishment of Order
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Whats the Message Here?
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Demography

• may be no surer predictor of destiny than trade
  data. But of the two momentous changes
  championed by Deng Xiaoping a quarter-century
  ago, coercive population controls and
  experiments with market economics, the jury is
  still out on which will do more to shape China's
  long-term potential.

46
Demography
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Demography

• There are too many retirees in China, and not
  enough young people to replace them.

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Demography

• "The evidence is overwhelming that a large
  population of unmarried adult males is a risk
  factor for both crime and war," Ms. den Boer
  said in an interview. "The fact that China is
  an authoritarian country is another risk
  factor."