What are the functions of the Nervous System?

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BIOL 2010 Human Anatomy Physiology I
What are the functions of the Nervous System?

• _____ ________ (environment self)
• Conduct ________
• _________ __________ impulses (stimuli)
• __________

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What are the functions of the Nervous System?
Out of this comes _________, ability to
___________
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How is the Nervous System organized?
________ ______ _____ ________ ______ _____
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 43 ( ___
cranial ___ spinal nerves)
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How is the Nervous System organized?
CNS ____
Afferent _________
Somatic ____________
Sympathetic _____________
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What are the Structural/functional units of the
Nervous System?

• Nerve cells _______
• Maintaining cells ______ ______

Neuron anatomy ___________________ ____________ _
________
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What are the different types of Neurons?
Structural types ________ ______ ________
Functional types Association
Interneurons Afferent Sensory neurons Efferent
Motor neurons
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What are the types of glial cells and what tasks
do they accomplish?
___________control substances entering/leaving
CSF Associated with _______________ which is
formed by endothelial cells of blood vessels.
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What are the types of glial cells and what tasks
do they accomplish?
_______________ Line the ventricles (cavities)
of CNS, create cerebral spinal fluid and aid in
its circulation.
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What are the types of glial cells and what tasks
do they accomplish?
_____________ Small specialized macrophages that
are attracted to areas of damage in the CNS and
phagocytize debris
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What are the types of glial cells and what tasks
do they accomplish?
________________ Cells in the CNS that have
multiple extensions that wrap around multiple
axons forming myelin sheaths.
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What are the types of glial cells and what tasks
do they accomplish?
_______________Cells in the PNS that wrap
around single axons forming myelin sheaths. The
gaps in between Schwann cells are called ______
__ ___________
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What are the differences between Myelinated and
Unmyelinated Neurons?
_______________Action potential occurs along
entire plasma membrane ________ _______________
Action potentials jump from one node to the next
_________
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What is Saltatory Conduction and why is it
important?
Thick myelin sheaths insulate plasma membrane and
force jumping (__________) movement of
electrical charge (action potential) ____________
effects myelin sheaths in CNS
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How can you tell if nervous tissue is myelinated?

Myelin sheaths contribute to white appearance
_____ _________ Neuron cell bodies and dendrites
contribute to a darker color _______
__________ Clusters of cell bodies are called
_______ or _____ in the PNS and the CNS
respectively
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How are signals sent along the axon highway?

• Make sure you are comfortable with
• Establishment of resting potentials
• Formation and propagation of action potentials.
• Mechanisms involved with conducting action
  potentials between cells (Intercellular action
  potential propagation).

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How are signals sent along the axon highway?
In addition to neurotransmitters, there are also
________________ (w/c influence _________ of
pre- or post-synaptic membrane)
Example ___________, w/c when bound w/ receptors
on pre-synaptic neurons limit neurotransmitter
release (see table 11.5)
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What is the difference between Excitatory
Inhibitory neurons?
Ligands binding with post-synaptic receptors can
cause A _____________ in postsynaptic membrane
potential (_________ closer to zero
depolarization) Example ___ opens Na
channels An __________ in postsynaptic membrane
potential (_________ further from
zerohyperpolarized) Example ________ opens
Cl- channels
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Are action potentials always propagated between
cells?
Action potentials in pre-synaptic terminal dont
always result in an action potential on the
postsynaptic membrane
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Are action potentials always propagated between
cells?
Different action potentials from varying neurons
can simultaneously influence the neuron they
collectively synapse with to create ________
___________
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How are reflexes and pathways integrated?
Reflexes and Pathways
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Can nervous tissue recover from injury?
Why would the portion of an axon severed from the
neuron cell body die?
If a nerve is cut, the ____ ______ and _____
_______ are phagocytized. However, the Schwann
cell bodies remain. The proximal axon ________
for reconnection If it encounters ________ _____
then it grows inside this pathway to re-innervate
the organ (muscle) Why would this not readily
occur in the CNS?