Warm Up

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Warm Up EQ
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Scientific Method

• How do scientists solve problems?

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Scientific Method

• Series of problem-solving procedures that help
  scientists conduct experiments
• Scientific methods are used by scientists to help
  organize and plan their experiments and
  investigations.

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Factors of the Scientific Method

1. Hypothesis testable explanation of a situation
   that can be supported or disproved
2. Experiment classified as an organized procedure
   that involves making observations and
   measurements to test a hypothesis.

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Factors of the Scientific Method

• Variable factor that can cause a change in the
  results of an experiment
• Independent variable the factor that is changed
  by the experimenter
• Dependent variable a factor that is affected by
  changes in the independent variable.
• Control factor that does not change when other
  variable do
• used in an experiment to show that the results of
  an experiment are a result of the condition being
  tested.

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Data

• Two Types of Data
• Qualitative Data Express with Numbers
• Quantitative Data Express with Descriptions
• Display in graphs (Bar, Line, Circle) and/ or
  tables
• X axis Independent Variable
• Y axis Dependent Variable

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Analyze Results

• If results are consistent with hypothesis,
  communicate and publish results.
• If results are not consistent with hypothesis,
  modify experiment.

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Communicating Results

1. Lab Reports
2. Graphs and tables
3. Models
4. Theories
5. Laws

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Graphs

• Line graphs, the independent variable is plotted
  on the horizontal (x) axis, and the dependent
  variable is plotted on the vertical (y) axis
• Circle graphs show a fixed quantity using slices
  representing parts of the whole.
• Bar graphs represent quantitative data using bars.

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Models

• A scientific model is an idea picture, a system,
  or a mathematical expression that represents the
  concept being explained.

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Theories and Laws

• A scientific theory is an explanation based on
  many observations during repeated investigations.
• A scientific law is a principle that describes
  the behavior of a natural phenomenon.

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Reliable Experiments

1. Other scientists must be able to repeat the
   experiment and obtain the same results.
2. The bigger the sample the more reliable the
   results.
3. The more an experiment is preformed the more
   reliable the results.

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Assignment

• 1.What are some possible reasons the car will not
  start?
• 2.How would you test your guesses?

• This car will not start.
• start

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Everyday Science

• Scientific Method in everyday
• Car will not start ____________
• Out of gas? _________________
• Adding gas and seeing if car starts
  ___________________________
• Car doesnt start _____________
• It wasnt out of gas ___________________________
  __ (disproves hypothesis this time)

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Everyday Science

• Scientific Method in everyday
• Car will not start Observation
• Out of gas? Hypothesis
• Adding gas and seeing if car starts Experiment
• Car doesnt start Data/Results
• It wasnt out of gas Conclusion/ Revise
  (disproves hypothesis this time)

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Assignment Write a hypothesis for each of the
following research problems. Identify the
dependent and independent variable for each. 

• 1. What effect does high temperature have on
  onion growth rates?
• 2. What effect does light have on plant growth?

• 3. What effect do different mouthwashes have on
  bad breath?
• 4. What effect does light have on plant growth?

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Warm up

1. What does physiology mean?
2. Who needs to study anatomy?

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Anatomy Physiology

• Chapter 1
• Pg. 2-11

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Overview

• Anatomy the study of the structure and shape of
  the body
• Gross anatomy
• Microscopic anatomy
• Physiology the study of how the body functions
• Physio- nature
• -ology study of
• Anatomical structure determines physiology.
• Example The structure of the heart is hollow, so
  blood can flow through it to be pumped throughout
  the body.

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Anatomy vs. Physiology

1. ____ Understanding the function of each body
   system.
2. ____ Identifying all the organs of the digestive
   system.
3. ____ Knowing that the heart has four chambers.
4. ____ Drawing blood to test for iron amounts.
5. ____ Dissecting a mink to determine what the
   intestines look like.
6. ____ Knowing that the lungs exchange CO2 for O2

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What are the levels of structural organization of
the body?

1. Atom
2. C e l l
3. T i s s u e
4. O r g a n
5. S y s t e m
6. O r g a n i s m

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What are the body systems?

• Integumentary
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Nervous
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Digestive

• Lymphatic
• Urinary
• Reproductive
• Endocrine
• Sometimes Urinary and Reproductive are merged
  together into the urogenital system.

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How does the body function to maintain life?

1. Maintaining boundaries
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness
4. Digestion
5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth

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What does the body need to survive?

• Nutrients- energy for the body
• Body System-
• Oxygen- for respiration
• Body System-
• Water- 60-80 of body weight
• Body System-
• Body temperature- 98 degrees F
• Body System-
• Atmospheric pressure- respiration depends on
  pressure
• Body System-

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What is homeostasis?

• Homeostasis the ability of the body to regulate
  its self.
• Homeostatic balance occurs when the body has
  everything it needs to run correctly or it is
  healthy
• Homeostatic imbalance when the body is not
  functioning properly or it is unhealthy
• Example infection, disease, decrease in body
  temperature, dehydration

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How the body maintains homeostasis.
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Warm Up

• List any body cavities you may know
• What is another name for your head?
• What part of the body is your heart found in?
• What part of the body is your stomach found in?

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Anatomy Language

• Pg. 11-17

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Anatomical Position

• Body erect
• Legs parallel
• Arms hanging down with palms up
• Why is it important that you understand the
  anatomical position?

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Terminology Groups

• Directional
• Regional
• Planes
• Cavities
• Describe each type of term using your textbook

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Warm up Atomic structure

• Protons
• Positive charge
• Inside nucleus
• Neutrons
• No charge
• Inside nucleus
• Electrons
• Negative charge
• Orbits nucleus
• Draw a diagram of a nitrogen atom using the
  periodic table on pg 542.
• What is the atomic number of nitrogen?
• What is the symbol?

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Biochemistry

• Chapter 2

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Atomic Symbols

1. O
2. C
3. K
4. I
5. H
6. N
7. Ca
8. Na
9. P
10. Mg
11. Fe

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Organic vs Inorganic

• Organic- containing C, living
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acid
• Inorganic- lack C, non living
• Salts
• Water
• Acids
• Bases

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Water

• Why water essential to the human body?
• High heat capacity- prevents sudden temperature
  changes
• Polarity- excellent solvent
• Chemical reactivity
• Cushioning- protection for the body