Chapter 12.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbons - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Chapter 12.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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Title: Chapter 12.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbons


1
Chapter 12.5Aromatic Hydrocarbons
2
Aromatic Compounds and Benzene
  • Aromatic compounds contain benzene.
  • Benzene, C6H6 , is represented as a six carbon
    ring with 3 double bonds.
  • Two possible isomers can be drawn to show
    benzene in this form.

3
Aromatic Compounds and Benzene
  • The name aromatic came from many of the first
    examples discovered were pleasant smelling
  • Many aromatics that have recently been discovered
    are not pleasant smelling, though
  • The most common aromatic ring is benzene which
    includes 6 Carbons and 6 Hydrogens--it is highly
    unsaturated

4
Aromatic Compounds and Benzene
  • Strangely, aromatics do not undergo the same
    kinds of reactions as alkenes and alkynes
  • The benzene ring is planar and hexagonal
  • The three double bonds in benzene are shared
    equally between the six carbons. We say that the
    double bonds are delocalized
  • Benzene is unusually stable and resists most
    reactants

5
Benzene Structure
  • The structures for benzene can also be written
    as a single structure where the alternating
    double bonds are written as a circle within the
    ring.
  • Benzene
  • structure

6
Aromatic Compounds in Nature and Health
  • Many aromatic compounds are common in nature and
    in medicine.

7
Naming Aromatic Compounds
  • Aromatic compounds are named with benzene as the
    parent chain. One side group is named in front of
    the name benzene.
  • methylbenzene chlorobenzene
  • (toluene)

8
You Try These!
  • Name the following aromatic compounds.

9
Answers to You Try These!
  • Name the following aromatic compounds.

Bromobenzene Ethylbenzene
10
Common Aromatic Compounds You Should Know
Nitrobenzene
Toluene
Aniline
Phenol
11
Naming Aromatic Compounds
  • When two groups are attached to benzene, the
    ring is numbered to give the lower numbers to the
    side groups. The prefixes ortho (1,2), meta
    (1,3) and para (1,4) are also used.

ortho-dimethylbenzene meta-dichlorobenzene para-ch
loromethylbenzene
12
Some Common Names
  • Some substituted benzene rings also use a common
    name. Then naming with additional more side
    groups uses the ortho-, meta-, para- system.

Toluene m-chlorotoluene
13
Some More Common Names
Phenol p-nitrophenol
14
Other Common Aromatic Compounds You Should Know
CH3
Xylene
CH3
OH
Cresol
CH3
15
You Try These!
  • Select the names for each structure
  • 1. Chlorocyclohexane
  • 2. Chlorobenzene
  • 3. 1-chlorobenzene
  • 1. Meta-methyltoluene
  • 2. Meta-dimethylbenzene
  • 3. 1,3-dimethylbenzene

16
Answers to You Try These!
  • Select the names for each structure
  • 2. Chlorobenzene
  • 1. Meta-methyltoluene
  • 2. Meta-dimethylbenzene
  • 3. 1,3-dimethylbenzene

17
You Try these!
  • Write the structural formulas for each of the
    following
  • A. 1-bromo-3-methylbenzene
  • B. Ortho-chlorotoluene

18
Answers to You Try These!
  • Write the structural formulas for each of the
    following
  • A. 1-bromo-3-methylbenzene
  • B. Ortho-chlorotoluene

19
Homework Assignment
  • Pg. 345-346 12.11 12.12
  • Due Tomorrow!
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