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Ratio, Proportion, Rate

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Title: Ratio, Proportion, Rate Author: Abbas Motevalian Last modified by: Acadp10 Created Date: 9/5/1999 1:16:35 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Tags: proportion | rate | ratio

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Title: Ratio, Proportion, Rate


1
???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????
2
?????
  • ????? ? ??????
  • ???? (ratio)
  • ????? (proportion)
  • ????? (rate)
  • ???? (odds)
  • ????? ? ?????????
  • ???? (prevalence)
  • ????
  • ???? ????? (cumulative incidence)
  • ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? (incidence rate or
    density)

3
  • Ratio
  • Proportion
  • Rate

What, who is in the denominator ? ???
4
????
  • ???? ????? ?? ???
  • ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????
  • ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???

5
???? ???? ?? ????
  • ???? ??? ?? ???? ????
  • 850 ??? ????? ?? 10 ????
  • 85 ??? ?? ???? ?? ????
  • ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????
  • 28 ??? ????? ?? 2
  • 14 ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????
  • ???? ????
  • ????? ????? /????? ????
  • ???? ???? (odds ratio)

6
?????
  • ???? ????? ?? ???
  • ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ???
  • ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????
  • ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ?? ???

2
--- 0.5 50
4
7
???? ?????
  • ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????
  • 6 ??? ?? 24 ???
  • 25/0
  • 25 ????

8
???? (Odds)
?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??
??????
  • ????? ?????? ?????
  • ???
    ??? ??
  • --------------------------------------------------
    --------------------
  • 20 4
    24
  • --------------------------------------------------
    --------------------

20 / 24 Odds
------------- 5 TO 1 4 / 24
9
?????
  • ???? ????? ?? ???
  • ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???
  • ???? ???
  • ????? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????
    ??????
  • ???? ???
  • ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????
  • (????? ?? ???? ???)
  • ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???

10
???? ?????
  • ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????
  • ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? 82 26000 ???
  • ????? ?? ??? 82 68 ?????? ???
  • ????? ???
  • 26000/ 68000000 38/100,000/year
  • ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? 10??? ?? ????
    (100? 1000? 100000)

11
?????? ??? ???? ??????
  • ????
  • ????? ?????? (????? ???? ? ????) ?? ????? ?? ????
    ?? ???
  • ????
  • ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???
  • ???? ?????
  • ????? ????

12
????
????? ????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????
???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
  • ?????? (proportion) ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????
    ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???
  • ????
  • ?? ??? 1979? ?? 350000 ????? ?? ????? 96200 ???
    ????? ?? ????????????? ?????
  • ???? 6/27

13
  • ???? ???? ??( Point Prevalence)
  • ???? ???? ??(Period Prevalence)
  • ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????
  • 1-????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???
    ???.(???? ????)
  • 2-??? ???? ??????(Duration)
  • P I D

14
????? ??????? ????
  • ????? ??? ???(????? ????????? ????)
  • ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??????(?????
    ???, ????? ?????? ????,??? ???? ????? ??????? ??
    ????????)
  • ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????.
  • ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?
    ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????.(?????,??????,??? ??????
    ????)
  • ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???.
  • ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????
    ????(????? ?????)

15
???? ????? (????)
????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????
???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
  • ????
  • ?? ?? ??? 1979? ?? ??? 350000 ????? ?? ??????
    1250 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????
  • ???? ????? 6/3 ?? 1000 ?? ???
  • ???? 6/27

16
???? ?????
CI assumes that entire population at risk
followed up for specified time period
x
Risk
x
x
x
x
CI 7/12 per year 0.58 per year
x
x disease onset
x
Month12
Month 1
17
B
A
18
????? (?????) ????
????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????
???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???
  • ?? ????? ????? ???
  • ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???
  • ???? ???
  • ?? ??? ???? ???
  • ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????
    ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???

19
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01
Time at risk
A B C D E
6.0 6.0 11.0 9.5 5.0
x
x
Total years at risk
37.5 - time followed x disease
onset
ID 2 / 37.5 person- years 0.053
person-year
20
?????? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ??? ??????
Prevalence
Duration
21
????
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Ratio males/women2/7 Prevalence
March1 3/8 Proportion of women2/922 Cumulativ
e Incidence March-July 4/6 24month observation/4
people getting the disease Incidence density4/6
in 24month
22
????? ??????? ????
  • ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????????(??? ?
    ????)
  • ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???.(????
    ?????)

23
???? ???
  • ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???.
  • ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???.
  • ??? ???
  • ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????
    ?????.
  • ???????? ??? ,??????? ? ????? ???

24
????? ???????????
25
  • ?????
  • ???(???? ?? ?????)
  • 1-????(Ratio)
  • 2-??? ?????(Proportion)
  • 3-?????(Rate) ??? ????? ????? ??? ???.?????
    ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???.?????? ?? ???
    ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????
    ?? ???.

26
  • (????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???) K
  • ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????
  • 1-???????? ?????(Morbidity)
  • 2-???????? ??????(Mortality)
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