Write an essay on factors which affect the rate of reactions and discuss the uses of kinetic studies.

1
Write an essay on factors which affect the rate
of reactions and discuss the uses of kinetic
studies.
p. 1
2
Write an essay on factors which affect the rate
of reactions and discuss the uses of kinetic
studies.
p. 1
3
Guidelines
0. Introduction Kinetics is influenced by many
experimental conditions (factors)
Part A Factors affecting Rate of Reaction
Part B Uses of Kinetic Studies
p. 2
4
A1. Temperature
(a) Collision Theoryvelocity, K.E. of molecules
(b) M. B. Distribution
(c) Arrhenius eqn. (EA)
p. 3
5
A2. Concentration
concentration ?
freq. of collisions ?
chance of effective collisions ?
p. 4
6
A3. Pressure
for reactions involving gases only
(solid liquid are not compressible)
pressure ?, no. of eff. collisions ?
p. 5
7
A4. Catalyst
(a) definition
(b) new pathway withlower EA
(c) M. B. Distribution
p. 6
8
A5. Other Factors
(a) surface area
? state of subdivision
? e.g. marble chips VS powdered CaCO3
(b) light
? photosynthesis
? silver salt photographic film
p. 7
9
B1. Industry
Optimization of Industrial Production of Chemicals
maximum yield
minimum raw materials
minimal fuel
shortest time
p. 8
10
B2. Society
Slow down unwanted reactions
(a) deterioration of food
(b) rusting
p. 9
11
B3. Archaeological Investigation
Carbon-14 dating of Fossil and Prehistorical
Remains
(radioactive decay first order reaction)
p. 10
12
B4. Studying Reaction Mechanism
rate equation
? deduce the species involved in r.d.s.
? species involved in formation of T.S.
? molecularity of reaction
? e.g. SN1 or SN2
p. 11