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CHAPTER 8: LEARNING Classical Conditioning

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CHAPTER 8: LEARNING Classical Conditioning Opening Experiment: Directions: Please place your head on desk, close your eyes and relax. This is NOT Hypnosis – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CHAPTER 8: LEARNING Classical Conditioning


1
CHAPTER 8 LEARNING Classical Conditioning
  • Opening Experiment Directions Please place your
    head on desk, close your eyes and relax.
  • This is NOT Hypnosis

2
Learning
  • YouTube - Scary Loud Noise
  • Learning - a change in behavior due to experience
  • We are not born with a blueprint of how to
    survive, we learn by experience. We have
    adaptability the capacity to cope with our
    changing environments.

3
Behaviorism
  • Behaviorism
  • Psychology should be an objective science
  • Studies behavior without reference to mental
    processes .
  • RELATE EVERYTHING WE LEARN IN THE NEXT 2 CHAPTERS
    TO BEHAVIORISM aka Behavioral perspective

4
Behaviorists
  • Ivan Pavlov Russian physiologist who observed
    conditioned salivary responses in dogs (1849-1936)

5
Behaviorists
  • John B. Watson American psychologist who
    established the psychological school of
    behaviorism. (1878 1958)
  • "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed,
    and my own specified world to bring them up in
    and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and
    train him to become any type of specialist I
    might select--doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-
    chief, and yes, even beggarman and thief,
    regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies,
    abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors"

6
Behaviorists
  • B.F. Skinner An American psychologist who
    advocated behaviorism and studied the effects of
    reinforcement. (1904 1990)

(Operant Conditioning)
7
Associative Learning
  • Learning by association learning that certain
    events occur together.
  • Classical Conditioning learning the
    relationship between stimuli and responses. P.
    314 Fig. 8.1
  • Operant Conditioning learning through rewards
    and punishments. P.315 Fig. 8.2
  • Behavior followed by its consequences

8
Examples of Classical Conditioning
  • Alfred Hitchcock Films
  • YouTube - Top 5 Horror Movies theme songs
  • Jaws Theme Song
  • Bakeries
  • Songs
  • Sounds of the ocean CD
  • Your Dogs and Cats
  • Classical Conditioning with a Daisy the Cat
  • Classical Conditioning Experiment

9
Classical Conditioning
  • Classical conditioning learning to associate
    neutral stimuli with stimuli that produce
    reflexive, involuntary responses, and will learn
    to respond similarly to the new stimulus as they
    did the old one.

10
Pavlovs Dog
  • Pavlov observed the salivation of dogs
  • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS-aka US) something
    that elicits a natural response (FOOD)
  • Unconditioned Response (UCR- aka UR) natural,
    involuntary response (SALIVATION)
  • Neutral Stimulus (NS) something that does not
    elicit any particular behavior without
    conditioning (BELL)

11
Pavlovs Dog
UCR
UCS
NS
No response
CR
12
Pavlovs Dog
  • Order of stimuli
  • Conditioned Stimulus / Neutral Stimulus (CS)
    presented first THEN the Unconditioned Stimulus
    (UCS)
  • Present within a short amount of time from one
    another half a second.

13
Pavlovs Dog
  • After Conditioning .
  • Conditioned Stimulus (CS) a originally
    irrelevant stimulus that comes to trigger a
    particular behavior (BELL)
  • Conditioned Response (CR) the learned response
    that initially occurred to the unconditioned
    stimulus and now occurs to the conditioned
    stimulus (SALIVATION)
  • Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov YouTube
  • Two and Half Men - Pavlov's Bar YouTube
  • Interesting fact about Pavlovs laboratory I read
    about

14
Pavlovs Laboratory
  • ouTube - Baha Men - Who Let The Dogs Out
    (Original version) Full HD 1080p (18)

15
Pavlovs Dog
  • FOOD (UCS) ------------ SALIVATION (UCR)
  • BELL (NS) ------------ Initially produced no
  • salivation
  • NS UCS ----------------- SALIVATION (UCR)
  • BELL (CS) ---------------- SALIVATION (CR)

16
More Classical Conditioning
  • Practice Classical Conditioning
  • Onion Breath. P.318 Fig. 8.4 romantic vs.
    sexual arousal
  • Classical conditioning and the blink response

17
Examples of Classical Conditioning
  • Classical Conditioning at BGSU YouTube
  • The Office - Pavlov's dog on Vimeo
  • Classical Conditioning within Psychology -
    "Attack of the Quack"
  • YouTubeClassical Conditioning in High School
  • Clockwork Orange classical conditioning scene

18
5 concepts of classical conditioning
  • Acquisition- Learning has taken place when the
    animal/person responds to the conditioned
    stimulus. This initial learning is called
    acquisition. (the animal has acquired a new
    behavior)

19
Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery
  • Will the CS always yield the CR even if
    repeatedly presented without the UCS?
  • Extinction the diminishing of an CR if the CS
    is not presented with the UCS
  • Will the CS yield a CR after a wait period?
  • Spontaneous recovery the reappearance of an
    extinguished conditioned response after a rest
    period.

20
Distinguishing Between Stimuli
  • Will the animal respond to a somewhat varied
    stimulus?
  • Generalization after conditioning, the tendency
    for a stimulus, similar to the CS, to evoke a
    similar response. P. 321 snails cartoon
  • Discrimination the learned ability to
    distinguish between CS and another stimulus.
  • Water Bottle Experiment.
  • Rape as classical conditioning p. 325

21
Activity Classically Conditioning a Student
  • Directions On a sheet of scrap paper write out
    the following 9 terms in one column
  • UCS, UCR, CS, CR, Acquisition, Extinction,
    Spontaneous Recovery, Generalization,
    Discrimination.
  • After I conduct the short demonstration label the
    4 parts of the classical conditioning then
    explain WHEN in the experiment the last 5 terms
    took place or might have taken place.

22
John B. Watsons Little Albert Experiment
  • Little Albert feared loud noises but not white
    rats.
  • Loud noise (UCS) fear (UCR)
  • Presentation of rat (NS) no fear
  • Pair rat (NS) and loud noise (UCS) fear (UCR)
  • After several repetitions,
  • the sight of the rat (CS)
  • produced fear (CR)
  • The Little Albert Experiment

23
Taste Aversions
  • Garcia and Koellings Experiment Rats and taste
    aversions
  • Rats were given food, then given radiation, which
    led to nausea. Then the rats would later avoid
    that food.
  • 2 interesting findings
  • Aversion developed to only tastes (not sights or
    sounds)
  • Even after hours had passed between presenting
    the CS and the UCS the aversion still developed.
  • Humans may experience taste aversions
  • Eat food become sick Feel nauseas at the
    sight or smell of the food.
  • Sheep Coyotes and Ranchers poison in sheep
    carcass.

24
Human Taste Aversions
  • secondary disgust- Fudge (shape of muffins vs.
    droppings)
  • Favorite Soup
  • stirred in a thoroughly washed used flyswatter
    (82)
  • brand new flyswatter (58)
  • used comb that has been thoroughly washed
    (76)
  • served in thoroughly washed used dog bowl
    (71)

25
Classical Conditioning facts
  • People with OCD and/or Autism are 3 times likely
    to be conditioned.
  • Men who saw a car with a seductive women were
    more likely to rate the car as faster, better
    designed and more appealing than men who viewed
    the same ad without.
  • Associating celebrities with products
  • Taking people to lunch/dinner to make business
    deals.
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