Roman%20Expansion

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Roman Expansion
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Roman Legions
Legion can mean an army, or it can mean a group
of about 5,o00 Roman soldiers. Roman legions
wore more armor, used larger shields and carried
a gladius, or short sword They performed very
well against phalanx on uneven terrain or where
manueveuring was important
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Punic Wars

• Fought between Rome and Carthage over control of
  the Western Mediterranean and Sicily

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1st Punic War

• Primarily fought by navies
• Carthage was a naval power. Rome was a land
  power. Rome lost most of the battles.
• Until they equipped ships with grappling hooks
  and soldiers who boarded Carthaginian ships-
  turning it into a small land-battle.
• Using this strategy Rome won.

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Second Punic War

• Carthaginian general Hannibal leads an army
  through Spain, France, and over the Alps and
  invades Italy from the north.
• Over 10 years, he repeatedly defeats the Roman
  army, but does not attack the city of Rome
• Roman army sails to North Africa, where it
  threatens to destroy Carthage. Hannibal returns
  to Carthage, and is defeated Rome does not
  destroy Carthage and fears it will rebuild and
  become a threat again
• at the Battle of Zama.

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Aftermath of 2nd Punic War

• Carthage is ruined
• Loses all its empire to Rome
• Carthage is left only in control of the city
  itself

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Third Punic War

• Rome does not destroy Carthage and fears it will
  rebuild and become a threat again.
• Romans siege Carthage for 3 years under the
  general Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
  Africanus Numantinus Or, as his friends call
  him Scipio
• Scipio burns Carthage to the ground, enslaves
  everyone, and pours salt on the ground to prevent
  anything from ever growing again!
• (Dont mess with Scipio)

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Results of the Punic Wars

• Rome gains an overseas empire- North Africa,
  Sicily, Spain
• Rome has control of Western Mediterranean
• Expanded trade and wealth for Rome
• Rome continues expansion and conquers an empire
  in Europe, Asia, and Africa
• These conquered areas called provinces

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Rome and its Allies
58-51 BC
214-148 BC
246-146 BC