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Social Psychology

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Social Psychology How does society influence your behavior? How does society affect our thinking and actions? How do people explain behavior? Fundamental attribution ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Social Psychology


1
Social Psychology
  • How does society influence your behavior?

2
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3
How does society affect our thinking and actions?
4
How do people explain behavior?
  • Fundamental attribution error
  • Overestimating the influence of personality
  • Underestimating the influence of situation

5
How do our actions affect our attitudes?
  • The foot-in-the-door phenomenon
  • People who agree to a small action, will comply
    with a larger one later.

6
How does the role we play affect our attitudes
and actions?
  • Philip Zimbardos prison study
  • Students randomly assigned to be guards or
    prisoners
  • Guards acted like guards
  • Prisoners acted like prisoners
  • Study called off after only six days because
    participants were endangered by their role
    playing.
  • Result Since the roles we play affect our
    attitudes and behavior if we play that role long
    enough we may become that type of person.

7
How do our actions affect our attitudes?
  • Cognitive dissonance theory
  • Leon Festenger
  • Cognitive thinking
  • Dissonance Unresolved differences
  • When we act differently than we believe, we
    experience cognitive dissonance.

8
Cognitive dissonance (cont.)
  • To reduce dissonance, we will change our
    attitudes (or behavior) to produce agreement.
  • We change our attitudes to justify past behavior.

I know smoking can kill me, but I still smoke.
Change behavior Quit smoking
Change attitudes Smoking is not that bad
9
Cognitive dissonance (cont.)
10
Do you remember?
  • What mistake do people often make when explaining
    a persons behavior?
  • If you want someone to do a large favor for you,
    what strategy could you use?
  • What did the Zimbardo prison study tell us?
  • To change someones behavior using the cognitive
    dissonance theory, what strategy would you use?

11
How do we influence each other?
  • Will you conform to group pressure?

12
Which line is longer?
13
What is the Solomon Asch conformity study?
  • Comparing lengths of lines
  • People rejected what they could see, to conform
    with the group even when it was clearly incorrect.

14
Obedience - Will you do what you are told even
if it would hurt someone?
15
Stanley Milgrams shock experiments
  • Teachers - gave shock (15 - 450 volts)
  • Learners - received shock
  • Results The majority of teachers ordered to
    shock the learners complied fully, and gave the
    highest level of shock.

16
Stanley Milgrams shock experiments (Cont.)
17
What causes prejudice?
  • Scapegoat Theory
  • Frustration feeling disadvantaged creates
    prejudice
  • They caused my problems.
  • The Cultural Theory of prejudice
  • Emery Borgardus
  • People well adjusted to a culture of prejudice
    become prejudiced.

18
What causes aggression?
  • Frustration - aggression hypothesis
  • Frustration - anger aggression
  • E.g. Hurting someone that frustrated you (not
    always physical)

19
Do you remember?
  • What did the Solomon Asch study tell us?
  • What did Milgrams shock experiments tell us?
  • What idea may explain why people growing with the
    KKK are prejudiced?
  • What idea may explain why the poor may be
    prejudiced?
  • What example do you have in your life of the
    frustration-aggression hypothesis?

20
Have you ever been In love?
  • Sternbergs theory of love
  • Intimacy
  • Passion
  • Commitment

21
Have you ever been In love?
  • Passionate love
  • Fully absorbed with the other
  • Walking on clouds
  • Companionate love
  • A deep affectionate attachment to the other
  • Based on equity and self disclosure

22
Will someone help you in an emergency?
  • The bystander effect
  • Kitty Genovese
  • Before helping, people must
  • Notice the situation
  • Interpret it as an emergency
  • Assume responsibility

23
Bystander effect (cont.)
  • The more people are available to help, the less
    chance any one person will help.
  • Diffusion of responsibility

24
Why do we help?
  • Self interest
  • The Social Exchange theory
  • Cost - benefit analysis
  • Will the cost (money, time, discomfort) be less
    than the benefit (reduced guilt, social approval,
    good feelings).
  • Reciprocity norm
  • I give you something, I expect something back
  • Name stamps in contribution envelopes

25
Do you remember?
  • What love keeps an older couple together when
    they are no longer young and beautiful?
  • Why will a fireman point to one bystander and ask
    them to do something rather that asking anyone on
    the crowd?
  • What is idea most apt to explain why people give
    money to people on the street?

26
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