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Protestant reformation

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Title: Protestant reformation


1
Protestant reformation
  • By Kenny Suykry

2
Geography
  • The Protestant Reformation was centered in
    Western Europe, with Germany being one of the
    main battlegrounds.
  • The close proximity of Germany to Italy, the home
    of Catholicism, made it an area riddled with
    religious conflict, especially when the idea of
    Protestantism came into play.
  • The Protestant Reformation also affected
    Switzerland, France, England, Netherlands,
    Ireland, and Scotland.

3
Geography continued
4
Politics
  • The political atmosphere was drastically altered
    with the coming of the Protestant Revolution. It
    hit places such as England and the Holy Roman
    Empire, or Germany.
  • In England, Henry VIII wanted to marry another
    woman and demanded the pope approve it. However,
    since he had already done so once before as an
    exception, the pope now refused.
  • As a result, Henry VIII decided to split from the
    Catholic Church and create his Anglican Church.
    Here, he was the top man and he controlled the
    church. Although it was somewhat Protestant, the
    church was more conservative than others.

5
Politics continued
  • In Central Europe, the Holy Roman Empire was
    widely split. There were princes who wanted
    their kingdoms to be Protestant, while others
    wanted to stick to their Catholic origins.
  • The movement was started with Martin Luther and
    his 95 Theses, who ignited debate over whether
    areas wanted to have Protestantism or
    Catholicism. Although this was settled in the
    Peace of Augsburg, conflict remained.
  • Eventually, this resulted in the 30 years war,
    with most the conflict between the Catholics and
    Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire.

6
Politics continued
  • The 30 years war eventually included the French
    and the Habsburg. It shifted from a religious
    war to a political one as the French entered on
    the Protestant side.
  • The French, seeing the the Habsburg were gaining
    power, sought to stop this and used the
    Protestant cause as an excuse to enter war.
  • The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia that
    also effectively ended the Protestant Reformation.

7
Intellectual
  • During the Protestant Reformation, the main
    instigator of change was Martin Luther, a German
    monk who began the movement with his 95-theses.
  • Martin Luther translated and mass produced the
    Bible in German vernacular in order to spread the
    Bible to more people. In addition to this, his
    idea of Lutheranism differed from Catholicism by
    using the Bible as its sole source of divine
    knowledge.

8
Religious
  • Inspired by Martin Luthers challenging of the
    Catholic Church, many new theologies sprouted,
    such at Lutheranism in the Germanic region,
    Calvinism, Zwinglianism in Switzerland, and the
    Puritan movement in England.
  • The Calvinist ideas included the fact that the
    only way to obtain Gods knowledge was to study
    the scriptures. Also, he refuses the use of
    imagery of God, as he believes it could lead to
    idols.

9
Religious continued
  • Zwinglianism was based on the bible, taking
    scriptures and placing them above all else. Both
    state and church are under the rule of God.
  • Puritans wanted the English Church to be more
    similar to the Protestant Churches and tried to
    reform it. They rejected ornaments and rituals.

10
Religious again
  • A major religious event that occurred in 1521 was
    the Diet of Worms, an imperial assembly called by
    the Holy Roman Empire.
  • To protect the Catholic Churches authority,
    Charles Vs advisors suggested that Luther was a
    threat and a heretic and that he needed to be
    brought before the Diet of Worms.
  • He was however, too busy with political and
    military concerns so Martin Luther was able to
    freely move about.

11
Artistic
  • The key artistic form that developed during the
    Protestant Reformation was the style of Baroque
    art. Baroque art is characterized by its use of
    exaggerated motion to produce drama and tension
    in art. This was a reaction to the Protestant
    Reformation by the Roman Catholic Church who
    believed that the arts should communicate
    religious ideas. These works were popular with
    aristocracy who used it as a show of power and
    wealth.

12
Artistic images
13
More art
14
More art
15
technological
  • The main invention that was important during the
    Protestant Reformation was the printing press,
    invented almost a century before the start of the
    Protestant Reformation. However, it was the
    invention that started the Protestant Reformation
    and ultimately cultivated it. Martin Luther used
    the printing press to mass print his German
    version of the Bible. Also, he used it to spread
    his new ideas and issues with the church.
    Through this, he was able to spread his ideas
    across the continent and influence many other
    people to challenge the Catholic Church, such as
    Calvin and Zwingli.

16
Economic
  • During the Protestant Reformation there were few
    to almost no chances economically. The movement
    was mainly political, social, and religious and
    didnt effect the economies of countries

17
social
  • The Protestant Reformation led to many social
    changes, including witch hunts, centralization of
    family in society, and the Protestant work ethic.
  • Witch hunts were a common practice, with the
    number 1 practicing country being Germany,
    followed by France.
  • Family was now seen as the foundation for
    religion, not the churches for Protestants.
  • The Protestant work ethic that came through the
    new teachings helped create a society of harder
    working people. This led to the development of a
    larger middle class and spurred the development
    of capitalism.

18
Social effects continued
  • In the Protestant Reformation, woman gained
    ground as they were encouraged to read and study
    the bible themselves. However, they were still
    expected to remain subordinate to their husbands
    or father.
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