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Chapter 16 Notes

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Stars, lightning, fluorescent tubes consist of plasma Section 2: Properties of Fluids Buoyancy: The ... Chapter 16 Notes Author: kisd Last modified by: kisd – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 16 Notes


1
Chapter 16 Notes
2
States of Matter
  • Solids
  • Liquids
  • Gases
  • Plasma

3
Solids
  • Particles are closely packed
  • Most solids have a specific geometric arrangement
  • Have a definite shape
  • Have a definite volume

4
Liquids
  • Particles move more freely than solids
  • More kinetic energy than solids
  • Take the shape of their
  • container
  • Have a definite volume

5
Gases
  • Have a lot of kinetic energy
  • No definite shape
  • No definite volume

6
Plasma
  • Most of the matter in the universe is in the
    plasma state.
  • Plasma is a gas consisting of positively and
    negatively charged particles.
  • Stars, lightning, fluorescent tubes consist
    of plasma

7
Section 2 Properties of Fluids
  • Buoyancy
  • The ability of a fluid liquid or gas to exert
    an upward force on an object immersed in it.

8
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9
Buoyancy
  • If the buoyant force is equal to the objects
    weight, the object will float.
  • If the buoyant force is less than the objects
    weight, it will sink.

10
Archimedes Principal
  • A buoyant force on an object is equal to the
    weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

11
A Little History...
12

The Greek Mathematician and inventor Archimedes
lived during the 3rd century BC. According to
history he was in the bath one day when he
discovered the principle of buoyancy which is the
reason why huge Greek ships weighing thousands of
pounds could float on water.
13
He noticed that as he lowered himself into the
bath, the water displaced by his body overflowed
the sides and he realized that there was a
relationship between his weight and the volume of
water displaced. It is said that he ran naked
into the street yelling "heurEka" which is where
we get our word  "eureka!" (I found it), Greek
heurEka I have found, from heuriskein to find.
14
Pascals Principle
  • The pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted
    throughout the fluid.
  • Example Hydraulic Lifts

15

16
Pascal's Principle in Action...
17
Bernoullis Principle
  • As the velocity of a fluid increases,
  • the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases.
  • The speed of air over a curved wing moves faster
    than below the wing. The air has a longer
    distance, so it must travel faster.

18
Section 16.3
Behavior of Gases
19
Boyles Law
  • If the pressure of a gas is decreased, the volume
    will increase.

20
Charless Law
  • As temperature of a gas increases, volume
    increases.
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