1.2 Read and show understanding of extended written texts

1
1.2 Read and show understanding of extended
written texts

• Goal To be aware of the reading and response
  requirements in preparation for this unit.

2
Starter Who is this?

• WRONG
• WRONG
• WRONG
• WRONG
• WRONG
• WRONG
• WRONG
• WRONG
• WRONG

3
Reading Requirements

• MUST be completed by term Three 2009
• You will be required to submit a comment to the
  reading forum once per week
• Your comments will be responses to general
  questions posted by your teacher
• This is homework it is not optional!!!!
• First response due this Friday.

4
Frankenstein The Plot

• Goal To ensure your understanding of the plot is
  secure to enable deeper analysis to be carried
  out successfully
• Starter Sparknotes Quiz
• http//www.sparknotes.com/lit/frankenstein/quiz.ht
  ml

5
Plot Summary

• Construct a diagram outlining the main elements
  of the plot.
• You MUST find a way of showing the narrative
  viewpoint through which events are related.
• Use the information on the video and following
  slides if you must

6
Video Summary BEWARE THE ERROR
7

• In a series of letters, Robert Walton, the
  captain of a ship bound for the North Pole,
  recounts to his sister back in England the
  progress of his dangerous mission. Successful
  early on, the mission is soon interrupted by seas
  full of impassable ice. Trapped, Walton
  encounters Victor Frankenstein, who has been
  traveling by dog-drawn sledge across the ice and
  is weakened by the cold. Walton takes him aboard
  ship, helps nurse him back to health, and hears
  the fantastic tale of the monster that
  Frankenstein created.
•  
• Victor first describes his early life in Geneva.
  At the end of a blissful childhood spent in the
  company of Elizabeth Lavenza (his cousin in the
  1818 edition, his adopted sister in the 1831
  edition) and friend Henry Clerval, Victor enters
  the university of Ingolstadt to study natural
  philosophy and chemistry. There, he is consumed
  by the desire to discover the secret of life and,
  after several years of research, becomes
  convinced that he has found it.
•  
• Armed with the knowledge he has long been
  seeking, Victor spends months feverishly
  fashioning a creature out of old body parts. One
  climactic night, in the secrecy of his apartment,
  he brings his creation to life. When he looks at
  the monstrosity that he has created, however, the
  sight horrifies him. After a fitful night of
  sleep, interrupted by the specter of the monster
  looming over him, he runs into the streets,
  eventually wandering in remorse. Victor runs into
  Henry, who has come to study at the university,
  and he takes his friend back to his apartment.
  Though the monster is gone, Victor falls into a
  feverish illness.
•  
• Sickened by his horrific deed, Victor prepares to
  return to Geneva, to his family, and to health.
  Just before departing Ingolstadt, however, he
  receives a letter from his father informing him
  that his youngest brother, William, has been
  murdered. Grief-stricken, Victor hurries home.
  While passing through the woods where William was
  strangled, he catches sight of the monster and
  becomes convinced that the monster is his
  brother's murderer. Arriving in Geneva, Victor
  finds that Justine Moritz, a kind, gentle girl
  who had been adopted by the Frankenstein
  household, has been accused. She is tried,
  condemned, and executed, despite her assertions
  of innocence. Victor grows despondent, guilty
  with the knowledge that the monster he has
  created bears responsibility for the death of two
  innocent loved ones.
•  
• Hoping to ease his grief, Victor takes a vacation
  to the mountains. While he is alone one day,
  crossing an enormous glacier, the monster
  approaches him. The monster admits the murder of
  William but begs for understanding. Lonely,
  shunned, and forlorn, he says that he struck out
  at William in a desperate attempt to injure
  Victor, his cruel creator. The monster begs
  Victor to create a mate for him, a monster
  equally grotesque to serve as his sole companion.
•  

8

• Victor refuses at first, horrified by the
  prospect of creating a second monster. The
  monster is eloquent and persuasive, however, and
  he eventually convinces Victor. After returning
  to Geneva, Victor heads for England, accompanied
  by Henry, to gather information for the creation
  of a female monster. Leaving Henry in Scotland,
  he secludes himself on a desolate island in the
  Orkneys and works reluctantly at repeating his
  first success. One night, struck by doubts about
  the morality of his actions, Victor glances out
  the window to see the monster glaring in at him
  with a frightening grin. Horrified by the
  possible consequences of his work, Victor
  destroys his new creation. The monster, enraged,
  vows revenge, swearing that he will be with
  Victor on Victor's wedding night.
•  
• Later that night, Victor takes a boat out onto a
  lake and dumps the remains of the second creature
  in the water. The wind picks up and prevents him
  from returning to the island. In the morning, he
  finds himself ashore near an unknown town. Upon
  landing, he is arrested and informed that he will
  be tried for a murder discovered the previous
  night. Victor denies any knowledge of the murder,
  but when shown the body, he is shocked to behold
  his friend Henry Clerval, with the mark of the
  monster's fingers on his neck. Victor falls ill,
  raving and feverish, and is kept in prison until
  his recovery, after which he is acquitted of
  the crime.
•  
• Shortly after returning to Geneva with his
  father, Victor marries Elizabeth. He fears the
  monster's warning and suspects that he will be
  murdered on his wedding night. To be cautious, he
  sends Elizabeth away to wait for him. While he
  awaits the monster, he hears Elizabeth scream and
  realizes that the monster had been hinting at
  killing his new bride, not himself. Victor
  returns home to his father, who dies of grief a
  short time later. Victor vows to devote the rest
  of his life to finding the monster and exacting
  his revenge, and he soon departs to begin his
  quest.
•  
• Victor tracks the monster ever northward into the
  ice. In a dogsled chase, Victor almost catches up
  with the monster, but the sea beneath them swells
  and the ice breaks, leaving an unbridgeable gap
  between them. At this point, Walton encounters
  Victor, and the narrative catches up to the time
  of Walton's fourth letter to his sister.
•  
• Walton tells the remainder of the story in
  another series of letters to his sister. Victor,
  already ill when the two men meet, worsens and
  dies shortly thereafter. When Walton returns,
  several days later, to the room in which the body
  lies, he is startled to see the monster weeping
  over Victor. The monster tells Walton of his
  immense solitude, suffering, hatred, and remorse.
  He asserts that now that his creator has died, he
  too can end his suffering. The monster then
  departs for the northernmost ice to die

9
Review

• Self Assessment What percentage do you think
  you would get now, if you re-sat the sparknotes
  quiz?
• Homework resit the test

10
Frankenstein The Narrative Viewpoint

• Goal To understand the complex narrative
  viewpoint of the text, and explore the effects
  this creates

What thinkst thou? The lesson entitled thus the
goal shouldst be?
11
Narrative Voice One Walton

• To Mrs. Saville, England
• ST. PETERSBURGH, Dec. 11, 17--.
• You will rejoice to hear that no disaster has
  accompanied the commencement of an enterprise
  which you have regarded with such evil
  forebodings. I arrived here yesterday and my
  first task is to assure my dear sister of my
  welfare, and increasing confidence in the success
  of my undertaking.
• I am already far north of London and as I walk
  in the streets of Petersburgh, I feel a cold
  northern breeze play upon my cheeks, which braces
  my nerves, and fills me with delight. Do you
  understand this feeling? This breeze, which has
  travelled from the regions towards which I am
  advancing, gives me a foretaste of those icy
  climes. Inspirited by this wind of promise, my
  day dreams become more fervent and vivid. I try
  in vain to be persuaded that the pole is the seat
  of frost and desolation it ever presents itself
  to my imagination as the region of beauty and
  delight. There, Margaret, the sun is for ever
  visible its broad disk just skirting the
  horizon, and diffusing a perpetual splendour.
  There--for with your leave, my sister, I will put
  some trust in preceding navigators--there snow
  and frost are banished and, sailing over a calm
  sea, we may be wafted to a land surpassing in
  wonders and in beauty every region hitherto
  discovered on the habitable globe. Its
  productions and features may be without example,
  as the phenomena of the heavenly bodies
  undoubtedly are in those undiscovered solitudes.
  What may not be expected in a country of eternal
  light? I may there discover the wondrous power
  which attracts the needle and may regulate a
  thousand celestial observations, that require
  only this voyage to render their seeming
  eccentricities consistent for ever.

What is Walton like? How does he parallel
Victor? How does he act as foil to Victor?
12
Waltons Conclusion

• I was at first touched by the expressions of his
  misery yet, when I called to mind what
  Frankenstein had said of his powers of eloquence
  and persuasion, and when I again cast my eyes on
  the lifeless form of my friend, indignation was
  rekindled within me. "Wretch!" I said, "it is
  well that you come here to whine over the
  desolation that you have made. You throw a torch
  into a pile of buildings and when they are
  consumed you sit among the ruins and lament the
  fall. Hypocritical fiend! if he whom you mourn
  still lived, still would he be the object, again
  would he become the prey, of your accursed
  vengeance. It is not pity that you feel you
  lament only because the victim of your malignity
  is withdrawn from your power."

What is Waltons view of the monster? How does
he parallel Victor in this? How does this
(perhaps) help to inform the reader of Shelleys
view?
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Narrative Voice Two Victor
Why does Shelley have Victor a member of such a
noble family? Is he a mad obsessive, or a noble
seeker of enlightenment, destroyed by fate?

• I am by birth a Genevese and my family is one of
  the most distinguished of that republic. My
  ancestors had been for many years counsellors and
  syndics and my father had filled several public
  situations with honour and reputation. He was
  respected by all who knew him for his integrity
  and indefatigable attention to public business.
  He passed his younger days perpetually occupied
  by the affairs of his country a variety of
  circumstances had prevented his marrying early,
  nor was it until the decline of life that he
  became a husband and the father of a family.
• As the circumstances of his marriage illustrate
  his character, I cannot refrain from relating
  them. One of his most intimate friends was a
  merchant, who, from a flourishing state, fell,
  through numerous mischances, into poverty. This
  man, whose name was Beaufort, was of a proud and
  unbending disposition, and could not bear to live
  in poverty and oblivion in the same country where
  he had formerly been distinguished for his rank
  and magnificence. Having paid his debts,
  therefore, in the most honourable manner, he
  retreated with his daughter to the town of
  Lucerne, where he lived unknown and in
  wretchedness. My father loved Beaufort with the
  truest friendship, and was deeply grieved by his
  retreat in these unfortunate circumstances. He
  bitterly deplored the false pride which led his
  friend to a conduct so little worthy of the
  affection that united them. He lost no time in
  endeavouring to seek him out, with the hope of
  persuading him to begin the world again through
  his credit and assistance.

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Victor after Creating the Creature
How does the reader react to Victors account of
the monster when reading this? What do we think
of Victors response?

• I trembled excessively I could not endure to
  think of, and far less to allude to, the
  occurrences of the preceding night. I walked with
  a quick pace, and we soon arrived at my college.
  I then reflected, and the thought made me shiver,
  that the creature whom I had left in my apartment
  might still be there, alive, and walking about. I
  dreaded to behold this monster but I feared
  still more that Henry should see him. Entreating
  him, therefore, to remain a few minutes at the
  bottom of the stairs, I darted up towards my own
  room. My hand was already on the lock of the door
  before I recollected myself. I then paused and a
  cold shivering came over me. I threw the door
  forcibly open, as children are accustomed to do
  when they expect a spectre to stand in waiting
  for them on the other side but nothing appeared.
  I stepped fearfully in the apartment was empty
  and my bedroom was also freed from its hideous
  guest. I could hardly believe that so great a
  good fortune could have befallen me but when I
  became assured that my enemy had indeed fled, I
  clapped my hands for joy, and ran down to
  Clerval.
• We ascended into my room, and the servant
  presently brought breakfast but I was unable to
  contain myself. It was not joy only that
  possessed me I felt my flesh tingle with excess
  of sensitiveness, and my pulse beat rapidly. I
  was unable to remain for a single instant in the
  same place I jumped over the chairs, clapped my
  hands, and laughed aloud. Clerval at first
  attributed my unusual spirits to joy on his
  arrival but when he observed me more attentively
  he saw a wildness in my eyes for which he could
  not account and my loud, unrestrained, heartless
  laughter, frightened and astonished him.

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Victors Last Words

• Oh! when will my guiding spirit, in conducting me
  to the daemon, allow me the rest I so much
  desire or must I die and he yet live? If I do,
  swear to me, Walton, that he shall not escape
  that you will seek him and satisfy my vengeance
  in his death. And do I dare to ask of you to
  undertake my pilgrimage, to endure the hardships
  that I have undergone? No I am not so selfish.
  Yet, when I am dead, if he should appear if the
  ministers of vengeance should conduct him to you,
  swear that he shall not live--swear that he shall
  not triumph over my accumulated woes, and survive
  to add to the list of his dark crimes. He is
  eloquent and persuasive and once his words had
  even power over my heart but trust him not. His
  soul is as hellish as his form, full of treachery
  and fiendlike malice. Hear him not call on the
  names of William, Justine, Clerval, Elizabeth, my
  father, and of the wretched Victor, and thrust
  your sword into his heart. I will hover near and
  direct the steel aright.
• Yet I cannot ask you to renounce your country
  and friends to fulfil this task and now that you
  are returning to England you will have little
  chance of meeting with him. But the consideration
  of these points, and the well balancing of what
  you may esteem your duties, I leave to you my
  judgment and ideas are already disturbed by the
  near approach of death. I dare not ask you to do
  what I think right, for I may still be misled by
  passion.
• "That he should live to be an instrument of
  mischief disturbs me in other respects, this
  hour, when I momentarily expect my release, is
  the only happy one which I have enjoyed for
  several years. The forms of the beloved dead flit
  before me and I hasten to their arms. Farewell,
  Walton! Seek happiness in tranquillity and avoid
  ambition, even if it be only the apparently
  innocent one of distinguishing yourself in
  science and discoveries. Yet why do I say this? I
  have myself been blasted in these hopes, yet
  another may succeed."

What sympathy does the reader have for Victor
here?
16
Victor to Waltons Crew

• "What do you mean? What do you demand of your
  captain? Are you then so easily turned from your
  design? Did you not call this a glorious
  expedition? And wherefore was it glorious? Not
  because the way was smooth and placid as a
  southern sea, but because it was full of dangers
  and terror because at every new incident your
  fortitude was to be called forth and your courage
  exhibited because danger and death surrounded
  it, and these you were to brave and overcome. For
  this was it a glorious, for this was it an
  honourable undertaking. You were hereafter to be
  hailed as the benefactors of your species your
  names adored as belonging to brave men who
  encountered death for honour and the benefit of
  mankind. And now, behold, with the first
  imagination of danger, or, if you will, the first
  mighty and terrific trial of your courage, you
  shrink away, and are content to be handed down as
  men who had not strength enough to endure cold
  and peril and so, poor souls, they were chilly
  and returned to their warm firesides. Why that
  requires not this preparation ye need not have
  come thus far, and dragged your captain to the
  shame of a defeat, merely to prove yourselves
  cowards. Oh! be men, or be more than men. Be
  steady to your purposes and firm as a rock. This
  ice is not made of such stuff as your hearts may
  be it is mutable and cannot withstand you if you
  say that it shall not. Do not return to your
  families with the stigma of disgrace marked on
  your brows. Return as heroes who have fought and
  conquered, and who know not what it is to turn
  their backs on the foe."
• He spoke this with a voice so modulated to the
  different feelings expressed in his speech, with
  an eye so full of lofty design and heroism, that
  can you wonder that these men were moved? They
  looked at one another and were unable to reply. I
  spoke I told them to retire and consider of what
  had been said that I would not lead them farther
  north if they strenuously desired the contrary
  but that I hoped that, with reflection, their
  courage would return.
• They retired, and I turned towards my friend but
  he was sunk in languor and almost deprived of
  life.

How does this incident shape the readers view of
Victor?
17
Narrative Voice Three The Creature

• "It is with considerable difficulty that I
  remember the original era of my being all the
  events of that period appear confused and
  indistinct. A strange multiplicity of sensations
  seized me, and I saw, felt, heard, and smelt, at
  the same time and it was, indeed, a long time
  before I learned to distinguish between the
  operations of my various senses. By degrees, I
  remember, a stronger light pressed upon my
  nerves, so that I was obliged to shut my eyes.
  Darkness then came over me, and troubled me but
  hardly had I felt this, when, by opening my eyes,
  as I now suppose, the light poured in upon me
  again. I walked, and, I believe, descended but I
  presently found a great alteration in my
  sensations. Before, dark and opaque bodies had
  surrounded me, impervious to my touch or sight
  but I now found that I could wander on at
  liberty, with no obstacles which I could not
  either surmount or avoid. The light became more
  and more oppressive to me and, the heat wearying
  me as I walked, I sought a place where I could
  receive shade. This was the forest near
  Ingolstadt and here I lay by the side of a brook
  resting from my fatigue, until I felt tormented
  by hunger and thirst. This roused me from my
  nearly dormant state, and I ate some berries
  which I found hanging on the trees, or lying on
  the ground. I slaked my thirst at the brook and
  then lying down, was overcome by sleep.

How does the change of narrative voice here
affect the readers response to earlier events?
18
The Monsters Final Words

• "Farewell! I leave you, and in you the last of
  human kind whom these eyes will ever behold.
  Farewell, Frankenstein! If thou wert yet alive,
  and yet cherished a desire of revenge against me,
  it would be better satiated in my life than in my
  destruction. But it was not so thou didst seek
  my extinction that I might not cause greater
  wretchedness and if yet, in some mode unknown to
  me, thou hast not ceased to think and feel, thou
  wouldst not desire against me a vengeance greater
  than that which I feel. Blasted as thou wert, my
  agony was still superior to thine for the bitter
  sting of remorse will not cease to rankle in my
  wounds until death shall close them for ever.
• "But soon," he cried, with sad and solemn
  enthusiasm, "I shall die, and what I now feel be
  no longer felt. Soon these burning miseries will
  be extinct. I shall ascend my funeral pile
  triumphantly, and exult in the agony of the
  torturing flames. The light of that conflagration
  will fade away my ashes will be swept into the
  sea by the winds. My spirit will sleep in peace
  or if it thinks, it will not surely think thus.
  Farewell."
• What does Victor think of the creature?
• What does Walton think of the creature?
• What does the creature think of himself?

19
What is the point?

• The technique of framing narratives within
  narratives not only allows the reader to hear the
  voices of all of the main characters, but also
  provides multiple views of the central
  characters.
• Walton sees Frankenstein as a noble, tragic
  figure
• Frankenstein sees himself as an overly proud and
  overly ambitious victim of fate
• the monster sees Frankenstein as a reckless
  creator, too self-centered to care for his
  creation.
• Similarly, while Walton and Frankenstein deem the
  monster a malevolent, insensitive brute, the
  monster casts himself as a martyred classical
  hero I shall ascend my funeral pile
  triumphantly and exult in the agony of the
  torturing flames, he says.
• Which of these views do you think is most in line
  with Mary Shelleys??

20
Consolidation

• Create a diagram which shows the narrative
  structure
• Include some way of demonstrating the effects
  this structure creates

21
Frankenstein The Protagonist

• Goal To identify the main characteristics of the
  Victor, and analyse how theyre constructed.
• Starter 1.3 Practice
• ABCD for F One feature for each category only.
• Character Quotations what is suggested by each?
• SXY Essay Time Go Go Go!

22
Extract for Chapter 22

• What then became of me? I know not. I lost
  sensation, and chains and darkness were the only
  objects that pressed upon me. Sometimes, indeed,
  I dreamt that I wandered in flowery meadows and
  pleasant vales with the friends of my youth but
  I awoke, and found myself in a dungeon.
  Melancholy followed, but by degrees I gained a
  clear conception of my miseries and situation,
  and was then released from my prison. For they
  had called me mad and during many months, as I
  understood, a solitary cell had been my
  habitation.
• Liberty, however, had been an useless gift to me
  had I not, as I awakened to reason, at the same
  time awakened to revenge. As the memory of past
  misfortunes pressed upon me, I began to reflect
  on their cause--the monster whom I had created,
  the miserable daemon whom I had sent abroad into
  the world for my destruction. I was possessed by
  a maddening rage when I thought of him, and
  desired and ardently prayed that I might have him
  within my grasp to wreak a great and signal
  revenge on his cursed head.
• Nor did my hate long confine itself to useless
  wishes I began to reflect on the best means of
  securing him and for this purpose, about a month
  after my release, I repaired to a criminal judge
  in the town, and told him that I had an
  accusation to make that I knew the destroyer of
  my family and that I required him to exert his
  whole authority for the apprehension of the
  murderer.
• Identify the metaphor in the second paragraph.
  Explain how it adds to your understanding of
  Victor
• What has he become? How has he changed?

23
Victor Quotations

• It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I
  desired to learnVictor Frankenstein
• Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which
  I should first break through, and pour a torrent
  of light into our dark world.
• A new species would bless me as its creator and
  source many happy and excellent natures would
  owe their being to me.Victor Frankenstein
• I beheld the wretch, the miserable monster whom
  I had createdVictor Frankenstein
• One by one, my friends were snatched away, I was
  left desolate.Victor Frankenstein
• Seek happiness in tranquility and avoid
  ambitionVictor Frankenstein
• But I am a blasted tree the bolt has entered my
  soul and I felt then that I should survive to
  exhibit what I shall soon cease to be--a
  miserable spectacle of wrecked humanity, pitiable
  to others and intolerable to myself.
• Yet at the idea that the fiend should live and be
  triumphant, my rage and vengeance returned, and,
  like a mighty tide, overwhelmed every other
  feeling. After a slight repose, during which the
  spirits of the dead hovered round and instigated
  me to toil and revenge, I prepared for my
  journey.

24
Choose One

• Describe an important change that happened to ONE
  character or individual in the text.Explain why
  this change was important.
• Describe an important character or individual in
  the text.Explain why he or she was important in
  the text.
• Planning Model
• Plan then write!!

You get better at writing essays by writing
essays For this unit you will complete six
essays I will choose one to mark You will
choose one to be marked A random one will be
chosen to be marked by a panel of your
peers Keep them all together!!!!!
25
(No Transcript)
26
Frankenstein The Monster

• Goal To explore key aspects of the development
  of the monster and how our sympathies change
• Starter 1.6 Practice
• How can I describe my emotions at this
  catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom
  with such infinite pains and care I had
  endeavoured to form? His limbs were in
  proportion, and I had selected his features as
  beautiful. Beautiful!--Great God! His yellow skin
  scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries
  beneath his hair was of a lustrous black, and
  flowing his teeth of a pearly whiteness but
  these luxuriances only formed a more horrid
  contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost
  of the same colour as the dun white sockets in
  which they were set, his shrivelled complexion
  and straight black lips.
• Identify a language feature used in the above
  extract.
• Explain what impression of the monster it creates

27
Branaghs vision

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vjzAH150Ush8feature
  related
• How does this differ from the novel? Is it more
  or less effective? Why?
• Intelligent debate time
• Proposition That Branaghs version of the
  Monsters acquirement of language is more
  effective than Shelleys. ALL to contribute!!!!

28
Quotation Sheet Part Two

• I was benevolent my soul glowed with love and
  humanity but am I not alone, miserably
  alone?Monster
• I ought to be thy Adam but I am rather the
  fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no
  misdeed. Everywhere I see bliss, from which I
  alone am irrevocably excluded.
• I, the miserable and the abandoned, am an
  abortion, to be spurned at, and kicked, and
  trampled on.
• Am I to be thought the only criminal, when all
  humankind sinned against me?Monster
• "I am alone and miserable man will not associate
  with me but one as deformed and horrible as
  myself would not deny herself to me. My companion
  must be of the same species and have the same
  defects. This being you must create.
• Have a care I will work at your destruction, nor
  finish until I desolate your heart, so that you
  shall curse the hour of your birth Monster
• I shall be with you on your wedding
  nightMonster
• Farewell, Frankenstein! If thou wert yet alive,
  and yet cherished a desire of revenge against me,
  it would be better satiated in my life than in my
  destruction

29
Choose The Other One

• Describe an important change that happened to ONE
  character or individual in the text.Explain why
  this change was important.
• Describe an important character or individual in
  the text.Explain why he or she was important in
  the text.
• Plan then write!!

30
Theme Monstrosity

• Goal To explore the presentation of this theme.
• Starter Three Halves Debate
• Consider the viewpoints on the following slide.
  You can choose to side with one or the other, or
  be undecided, and stay in the centre of the room.
• Groups on either side your job is to convince
  others to join you.
• One speaker per round.
• No rebuttal on first round.
• Different speaker each round

31
Views On Monstrosity

• Andrew Lamb I think that Frankenstein is more
  monstrous than the daemon because if Victor had
  not created the daemon, then the daemon would not
  have ever been born and have the chance to become
  a monstourous daemon through his actions. This in
  my opinion makes Frankenstein more of a monster
  than the actual monster. I also think that if
  Victor had not abandoned the daemon, yet cared
  for him and been his companion, then the daemon
  would have had a better, more stable personality
  and he would not have committed such violent acts
  that he did
• James Hanff I would have to say that the
  Creation is more monstorous than Frankenstein. He
  murdered or caused the death of four people three
  of which he murered with his bare hand. I believe
  is very monstorous and hard to top. I believe
  that Frankenstein had periods in his life where
  he was mad and very emotionally unfit to cope
  with his actions rather than acting like a
  monster and this caused him to neglect his
  creation and allow it to turn into a monster.

32
Monstrosity from sparknotes

• Reduce, refine, put into your own words
•  
• Obviously, this theme pervades the entire novel,
  as the monster lies at the center of the action.
  Eight feet tall and hideously ugly, the monster
  is rejected by society. However, his monstrosity
  results not only from his grotesque appearance
  but also from the unnatural manner of his
  creation, which involves the secretive animation
  of a mix of stolen body parts and strange
  chemicals. He is a product not of collaborative
  scientific effort but of dark, supernatural
  workings.
•  
• The monster is only the most literal of a number
  of monstrous entities in the novel, including the
  knowledge that Victor used to create the monster
  (see Dangerous Knowledge). One can argue that
  Victor himself is a kind of monster, as his
  ambition, secrecy, and selfishness alienate him
  from human society. Ordinary on the outside, he
  may be the true monster inside, as he is
  eventually consumed by an obsessive hatred of his
  creation. Finally, many critics have described
  the novel itself as monstrous, a
  stitched-together combination of different
  voices, texts, and tenses (see Texts).

33
Sample Essay Question

• Describe an important idea
• Explain why it was worth reading about.
• WHY WAS IT WORTH READING ABOUT??
• Group Competition the best possible SXY P
  go!!!
• Feedback

34
Frankenstein Purpose

• Goal To consider Mary Shelleys purpose in
  writing this text, and provide key examples to
  support this.
• Starter 1.6 Practice
• Discussion Dangerous knowledge??
• Interviewing Mary Shelley

35
Meeting Mary Shelley.

• Int Frankenstein contains two narrators who are
  seemingly obsessed by knowledge and discovery.
  What were you trying to achieve through this
  device?
• MS One of my central purposes in writing
  Frankenstein was to warn
• Role Play time!!

36
Dangerous Knowledge

• To what extent is the exploration of the idea of
  dangerous knowledge Mary Shelleys purpose in
  Frankenstein?
• The pursuit of knowledge is at the heart of
  Frankenstein, as Victor attempts to surge beyond
  accepted human limits and access the secret of
  life. Likewise, Robert Walton attempts to surpass
  previous human explorations by endeavoring to
  reach the North Pole. This ruthless pursuit of
  knowledge, of the light, proves dangerous, as
  Victor's act of creation eventually results in
  the destruction of everyone dear to him, and
  Walton finds himself perilously trapped between
  sheets of ice. Whereas Victor's obsessive hatred
  of the monster drives him to his death, Walton
  ultimately pulls back from his treacherous
  mission, having learned from Victor's example how
  destructive the thirst for knowledge can be.
• Think also of blasphemy and hubris
• Draw parallels with atomic energy, perhaps GE?
  More?

37
From Waltons Letters

• He is now much recovered from his illness, and is
  continually on the deck, apparently watching for
  the sledge that preceded his own. Yet, although
  unhappy, he is not so utterly occupied by his own
  misery but that he interests himself deeply in
  the projects of others. He has frequently
  conversed with me on mine, which I have
  communicated to him without disguise. He entered
  attentively into all my arguments in favour of my
  eventual success, and into every minute detail of
  the measures I had taken to secure it. I was
  easily led by the sympathy which he evinced to
  use the language of my heart to give utterance
  to the burning ardour of my soul and to say,
  with all the fervour that warmed me, how gladly I
  would sacrifice my fortune, my existence, my
  every hope, to the furtherance of my enterprise.
  One man's life or death were but a small price to
  pay for the acquirement of the knowledge which I
  sought for the dominion I should acquire and
  transmit over the elemental foes of our race. As
  I spoke, a dark gloom spread over my listener's
  countenance. At first I perceived that he tried
  to suppress his emotion he placed his hands
  before his eyes and my voice quivered and failed
  me, as I beheld tears trickle fast from between
  his fingers--a groan burst from his heaving
  breast. I paused--at length he spoke, in broken
  accents-- "Unhappy man! Do you share my madness?
  Have you drank also of the intoxicating draught?
  Hear me--let me reveal my tale, and you will dash
  the cup from your lips!"
• Identify a language feature used in the section
  in bold.
• Explain how it helps you to better understand a
  character.

38

• "You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once
  did and I ardently hope that the gratification
  of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you,
  as mine has been."Mary ShelleyFrankenstein
• Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which
  I should first break through, and pour a torrent
  of light into our dark world.Mary
  ShelleyFrankenstein
• . . . the moon gazed on my midnight labours,
  while, with unrelaxed and breathless eagerness, I
  pursued nature to her hiding-places.Mary
  ShelleyFrankenstein
• The agony of my feelings allowed me no respite
  no incident occurred from which my rage and
  misery could not extract its food . . .Mary
  ShelleyFrankenstein
• to me. My companion must be of the same species
  and have the same defects. This being you must
  create.
• But I am a blasted tree the bolt has entered my
  soul and I felt then that I should survive to
  exhibit what I shall soon cease to be--a
  miserable spectacle of wrecked humanity, pitiable
  to others and intolerable to myself.Mary
  ShelleyFrankenstein
• Be men, or be more than men. Be steady to your
  purposes and firm as a rock. This ice is not made
  of such stuff as your hearts may be it is
  mutable and cannot withstand you if you say that
  it shall not.Mary ShelleyFrankenstein
• My heart was fashioned to be susceptible of love
  and sympathy, and when wrenched by misery to vice
  and hatred, it did not endure the violence of the
  change without torture such as you cannot even
  imagine.

39
Frankenstein Peer Review

• Goal To critically analyse peers essays, and
  reflect on your own, in order to clarify how to
  make improvements.
• Starter What themes follow through the
  assessment criteria?

40
Critical Friend Time

• The Criteria
• Read the exemplars youve been given
• Read your essay aloud to your group
• 4 WWWs
• 3 Ebis
• One Grade

41
Victors Voice

• What do each of the following suggest about his
  character?
• Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which
  I should first break through, and pour a torrent
  of light into our dark world.
• So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of
  Frankensteinmore, far more, will I achieve
  treading in the steps already marked, I will
  pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and
  unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of
  creation.
• It was already one in the morning the rain
  pattered dismally against the panes, and my
  candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer
  of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull
  yellow eye of the creature open . .

42
Frankenstein Setting

• Goal To analyse the effect the setting of the
  novel has had upon the themes and
  characterisation.
• Starter Come up with the BEST possible
  definition
• The Age of Enlightenment
• The Age or Romanticism
• Dealing with the question
• Fun time

43
Age of Enlightenment

• Of the basic assumptions and beliefs common to
  philosophers and intellectuals of this period,
  perhaps the most important was an abiding faith
  in the power of human reason. The age was
  enormously impressed by the discovery by Isaac
  Newton of universal gravitation. If humanity
  could so unlock the laws of the universe, Gods
  own laws, why could it not also discover the laws
  underlying all of nature and society? This belief
  was summed up by Alexander Pope Nature and
  natures laws lay hid in night, / God said, Let
  Newton be, and all was light.
• Enlightenment thinkers placed a great premium on
  the discovery of truth through the observation of
  nature, rather than through the study of
  authoritative sources, such as Aristotle and the
  Bible. If the centuries-old medieval view of the
  physical world had been so decisively overthrown
  by reason, then the antiquity of an idea, or
  indeed of a law, a privilege, or a form of
  government, could no longer be seen as a
  guarantee of its worth.

44
Romanticism

• Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and
  intellectual movement that originated in the
  second half of the 18th century in Western
  Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial
  Revolution.1 It was partly a revolt against
  aristocratic social and political norms of the
  Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the
  scientific rationalization of nature and was
  embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music,
  and literature.
• The movement stressed strong emotion as a source
  of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on
  such emotions as trepidation, horror and
  aweespecially that which is experienced in
  confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and
  its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic
  categories. It elevated folk art and custom to
  something noble, and argued for a "natural"
  epistemology of human activities as conditioned
  by nature in the form of language, custom and
  usage.
• Our modern sense of a romantic character is
  sometimes based on Byronic or Romantic ideals.
  Romanticism reached beyond the rational and
  Classicist ideal models to elevate medievalism
  and elements of art and narrative perceived to be
  authentically medieval, in an attempt to escape
  the confines of population growth, urban sprawl
  and industrialism, and it also attempted to
  embrace the exotic, unfamiliar and distant in
  modes more authentic than chinoiserie, harnessing
  the power of the imagination to envision and to
  escape.

45
Setting Question

• Describe an important setting from the text.
• (Note setting can be a time or a place)
• Explain how this setting helped to develop an
  important idea or ideas
• Shared Plan
• Fun Time!!!

46
Frankenstein Key Moments

• Goal To analyse how key moments affect the
  development of ideas and characters.
• Starter Group discussion what are the three
  single most important events in the text? Be
  prepared to justify each choice.

47
Key Moment Its Alive!

• Chapter Five http//www.literature.org/authors/she
  lley-mary/frankenstein/chapter-05.html
• Notes use the following headings in a mind-map
  to jot notes as we read to clarify the
  importance of this moment
• Monstrosity
• Dangerous Knowledge
• Characterisation Victor
• Characterisation The Monster
• Reader response manipulation of sympathies

48
Exploring Importance

• Describe an important Moment
• Explain how it helped develop an
• important idea or ideas
• Shared plan
• Collective Essay Competition
• Two halves of a class
• Section allocation
• Publication and feedback

49
Key Moment Two It Speaks

• Goal To consider the significance of the
  beginning of the Monsters Narrative and the
  effect this has on the reader.
• Starter 1.6 Practice
• Reading The beginning of the Monsters Narrative
  http//www.literature.org/authors/shelley-mary/fra
  nkenstein/chapter-11.html

50
Identify a language feature used in the section
in bold.Explain how it contributes to the mood
of the passage

• He approached his countenance bespoke bitter
  anguish, combined with disdain and malignity,
  while its unearthly ugliness rendered it almost
  too horrible for human eyes. But I scarcely
  observed this rage and hatred had at first
  deprived me of utterance, and I recovered only to
  overwhelm him with words expressive of furious
  detestation and contempt.
• "Devil," I exclaimed, "do you dare approach me?
  and do not you fear the fierce vengeance of my
  arm wreaked on your miserable head? Begone, vile
  insect! or rather, stay, that I may trample you
  to dust! and, oh! that I could, with the
  extinction of your miserable existence, restore
  those victims whom you have so diabolically
  murdered!"
• "I expected this reception," said the daemon.
  "All men hate the wretched how, then, must I be
  hated, who am miserable beyond all living things!
  Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, thy
  creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only
  dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us. You
  purpose to kill me. How dare you sport thus with
  life? Do your duty towards me, and I will do mine
  towards you and the rest of mankind. If you will
  comply with my conditions, I will leave them and
  you at peace but if you refuse, I will glut the
  maw of death, until it be satiated with the blood
  of your remaining friends."
• "Abhorred monster! fiend that thou art! the
  tortures of hell are too mild a vengeance for thy
  crimes. Wretched devil! you reproach me with your
  creation come on, then, that I may extinguish
  the spark which I so negligently bestowed." My
  rage was without bounds I sprang on him,
  impelled by all the feelings which can arm one
  being against the existence of another.
• He easily eluded me, and said--

51
How do the following quotations shape the
readers response to The Monster?
Quotation Significance
I was a poor, helpless, miserable wretch I knew, and could distinguish, nothing but feeling pain invade me on all sides, I sat down and wept. I was delighted when I first discovered that a pleasant sound, which often saluted my ears, proceeded from the throats of the little winged animals who had often intercepted the light from my eyes. "Here the hovel next to the cottage then I retreated, and lay down happy to have found a shelter, however miserable, from the inclemency of the season, and still more from the barbarity of man. He raised her, and smiled with such kindness and affection that I felt sensations of a peculiar and overpowering nature they were a mixture of pain and pleasure, such as I had never before experienced, either from hunger or cold, warmth or food and I withdrew from the window, unable to bear these emotions.
52
Review Two characters, one novelist and a reader

• Create 3 Tableaux showing aspects of this scene
• You can choose to show the monster telling his
  tale to Victor, or Aspects of the Monsters
  Narrative
• Two of you will be participant.
• One of you will be Mary Shelley, and explain what
  your intention was in including this detail in
  the text
• The last one of you will be the reader you will
  explain how you responded to the event.
• Go GO GO !!!

53
Frankenstein Group Seminar

• Goal To begin to plan and allocate tasks for a
  seminar on a given aspect of the text.
• Starter Recap what literary aspects of the
  novel have we examined thus far??
• Seminar Task Topic Setting Choose your topic.
  
• Only one group can present each topic.
• Your topic must include a title and focussing
  question

54
Seminar Requirements

• Must use visual and verbal communication
• Must include a brief written activity and the
  facilitation of feedback from your audience
  (Cloze paragraph, multi-choice, T/F, short answer
  worksheet, crossword puzzle online programs
  will do this for you)
• Every member of the group must speak
• Each member must have a specific aspect of the
  topic to focus upon.
• Seminars can be no longer than 15 minutes,
  including the student activity.
• Total Credit Value 0

55
Seminar Prep

• Select Topic
• Allocate aspects
• Allocate Tasks Create powerpoint, make up
  worksheet etc.
• Draft an outline plan that EACH member of the
  group will have in their book
• Go GO GO!!

56
1.3 Assessment One

• Step One look through your previous essays for
  1.4 and 1.5. Write any key targets you have
  use the resource of your memory too what do you
  need to do better when writing essays?
• Planning Time 10 Minutes
• Writing Time 30 Minutes 500 Words Go Go GO!!!!!
• Self assessment give yourself a grade and some
  feedback
• 4 WWWs
• 2 EBIs

57
Timed Essay One

• TOPICS (Choose ONE)
• 1. Describe an important change that happened to
  ONE character or individual in the text.Explain
  why this change was important.
• 2. Describe an important event at (or near) the
  end of the text.Explain how this event helped
  you understand an idea (or ideas) in the text.
• 3. Describe an idea (or ideas) in the text that
  you found interesting.Explain why you found this
  idea (or ideas) interesting.
• 4. Describe an important character or individual
  in the text.Explain why he or she was important
  in the text.
• 5. Describe at least TWO techniques used to make
  a character or individual in the text
  interesting.Explain why these techniques made
  the character or individual interesting.
• Note Techniques could include language,
  structure and / or narrative point-of-view.
• 6. Describe an important aspect of setting in the
  text.Explain how it helped you understand a key
  idea (or ideas) in the text.
• Note Setting may refer to time and / or
  place.

58
Seminar Presentations

• Goal To use a variety of presentation techniques
  to communicate effectively
• To provide well considered, sensitive,
  constructive feedback
• Starter Socratic Feedback who was Socrates?

59
Socratic Discussion key points A bunch of you
will talk A bunch of you will listen None of you
will wear togas.
60
What is a Socratic Discussion?

• A group will perform the seminar on their given
  aspect of the text
• Other groups will be allocated an aspect to
  observe and make notes on as the seminar
  progresses.
• The clarity and relevance and validity of the
  main points of the seminar
• The co-ordination and effectiveness of the
  learning activity
• The interaction of the group when presenting
• The quality and effectiveness of visual aids
• The quality and effectiveness of the speakers
  presentation
• The achieving of purpose hoe effectively did it
  help you learn???
• Each group should come up with 4WWWs and 2 EBIs
• All feedback to be delivered in the first person
  plural (We, us, our )
• At least two groups will be asked to share their
  feedback at the end.
• Each round will mean a new aspect upon which to
  focus.

61
1.3 Assessment Two

• Step One look through your previous essays for
  1.3. Write any key targets you have use the
  resource of your memory too what do you need to
  do better when writing essays?
• Planning Time 10 Minutes
• Writing Time 30 Minutes 500 Words Go Go GO!!!!!
• Self assessment give yourself a grade and some
  feedback
• 4 WWWs
• 2 EBIs

62
Assessment Two TOPICS (Choose ONE)

• 1. Describe a positive OR negative experience
  that happened to a character or individual in the
• text.
• Explain how the writer used the experience to
  help you understand that character or individual.
• 2. Describe an event that was a turning point in
  the text.
• Explain why the turning point was important.
• 3. Describe at least ONE technique in the text
  that helped make the writers idea(s) clear to
  you.
• Explain why the technique made the writers
  idea(s) clear to you.
• Note Techniques might be language, style,
  structure or narrative point-of-view.
• 4. Describe a character or individual in the text
  whom you found interesting.
• Explain how the writer made the character or
  individual interesting to you.
• 5. Describe at least ONE way that time and / or
  place were used in the text.
• Explain why the time and / or place were
  important.
• 6. Describe at least ONE idea that you thought
  was important in the text.
• Explain how the writer made you think the idea
  was important.

63
Assessment Feedback WWW

• Good use of literary and analytical language
• Sustained and complex points made
• A good sense of relating points to the authors
  purpose
• Excellent Planning Good knowledge of the story
  line
• Good Length
• Responsive and thoughtful comments made
• Perceptive and original ideas offered
• A very good understanding of the text shown
• Very well structured SXY paragraphs
• Very good use of examples and quotations as
  evidence
• Excellent links to the major themes of the text
• Detailed analysis, exploring layers of meaning

64
Assessment Feedback WWW

1. Good knowledge of the story line
2. Good Length
3. Responsive and thoughtful comments made
4. Perceptive and original ideas offered
5. A very good understanding of the text shown
6. Very well structured SXY paragraphs
7. Very good use of examples and quotations as
   evidence
8. Excellent links to the major themes of the text
9. Detailed analysis, exploring layers of meaning
10. Good use of literary and analytical language
11. Sustained and complex points made
12. A good sense of relating points to the authors
    purpose
13. Excellent Planning

65

1. Make sure your choice of quotation suits the
   point youre making
2. Respond to the exact demands of the question if
   it asks for a challenge/relationship, idea etc,
   write about one
3. Tie your argument back to the question by
   reiterating the key words IMPORTANT HERE
4. Be sure to briefly explain what is happening in a
   quotation
5. Make sure you are clear in answering the first
   part of the question
6. Revise SXY paragraph structure and use it
   consistently
7. Use a formal style when writing essays
8. Be careful to be accurate when giving an example
   of an incident from the story
9. Use quotations as evidence frequently try to
   weave in two or three very brief quotations in
   every paragraph
10. Develop the you analyse part of sxy paragraphs
    more by using connectives such as moreover to
    expand your comments
11. Aim for at least four detailed and developed
    paragraphs, as well as a brief intro and
    conclusion
12. Answer both parts of the question dont forget
    to describe using the 5ws and 1h..
13. Avoid repeating quotations or ideas
14. Try to make more links to the authors purpose be
    clear in showing you understand that the author
    is trying to manipulate the readers response
15. Strive to be critically appreciative show that
    you understand how effective the writers
    techniques and ideas are.
16. Aim to move beyond the text make references to
    the social and historical context, and Shelleys
    purpose of criticism of the age of enlightenment
    ,
17. Draw frequent, specific examples from the text
    avoid writing to generally about the ideas
18. Greater care with written accuracy needed.
19. Revise the rules of the academic voice and use
    them consistently

66

• Make sure your choice of quotation suits the
  point youre making
• Aim for at least three detailed and developed
  paragraphs, as well as a brief intro and
  conclusion
• Answer both parts of the question dont forget
  to describe using the 5ws and 1h..
• Avoid repeating quotations or ideas
• Try to make more links to the authors purpose be
  clear in showing you understand that the author
  is trying to manipulate the readers response
• Strive to be critically appreciative show that
  you understand how effective the writers
  techniques and ideas are.
• Aim to move beyond the text make references to
  the social and historical context, and Shelleys
  purpose of criticism of the age of enlightenment
  ,
• Draw frequent, specific examples from the text
  avoid writing to generally about the ideas
• Greater care with written accuracy needed.
• Respond to the exact demands of the question if
  it asks for a challenge/relationship, idea etc,
  write about one
• Explain your ideas fully
• Be sure to briefly explain what is happening in a
  quotation
• Make sure you are clear in answering the first
  part of the question
• Revise SXY paragraph structure and use it
  consistently
• Use a formal style when writing essays
• Be careful to be accurate when giving an example
  of an incident from the story
• Use quotations as evidence
• Develop the you analyse part of sxy paragraphs
  more by using connectives such as moreover to
  expand your comments

67
Victor Frankenstein

•  
• Victor Frankenstein's life story is at the heart
  of Frankenstein. A young Swiss boy, he grows up
  in Geneva reading the works of the ancient and
  outdated alchemists, a background that serves him
  ill when he attends university at Ingolstadt.
  There he learns about modern science and, within
  a few years, masters all that his professors have
  to teach him. He becomes fascinated with the
  secret of life, discovers it, and brings a
  hideous monster to life. The monster proceeds to
  kill Victor's youngest brother, best friend, and
  wife he also indirectly causes the deaths of two
  other innocents, including Victor's father.
  Though torn by remorse, shame, and guilt, Victor
  refuses to admit to anyone the horror of what he
  has created, even as he sees the ramifications of
  his creative act spiraling out of control.
•  
• Victor changes over the course of the novel from
  an innocent youth fascinated by the prospects of
  science into a disillusioned, guilt-ridden man
  determined to destroy the fruits of his arrogant
  scientific endeavor. Whether as a result of his
  desire to attain the godlike power of creating
  new life or his avoidance of the public arenas in
  which science is usually conducted, Victor is
  doomed by a lack of humanness. He cuts himself
  off from the world and eventually commits himself
  entirely to an animalistic obsession with
  revenging himself upon the monster.
•  
• At the end of the novel, having chased his
  creation ever northward, Victor relates his story
  to Robert Walton and then dies. With its multiple
  narrators and, hence, multiple perspectives, the
  novel leaves the reader with contrasting
  interpretations of Victor classic mad scientist,
  transgressing all boundaries without concern, or
  brave adventurer into unknown scientific lands,
  not to be held responsible for the consequences
  of his explorations.

68
The Monster

•  The monster is Victor Frankenstein's creation,
  assembled from old body parts and strange
  chemicals, animated by a mysterious spark. He
  enters life eight feet tall and enormously strong
  but with the mind of a newborn. Abandoned by his
  creator and confused, he tries to integrate
  himself into society, only to be shunned
  universally. Looking in the mirror, he realizes
  his physical grotesqueness, an aspect of his
  persona that blinds society to his initially
  gentle, kind nature. Seeking revenge on his
  creator, he kills Victor's younger brother. After
  Victor destroys his work on the female monster
  meant to ease the monster's solitude, the monster
  murders Victor's best friend and then his new
  wife.
• While Victor feels unmitigated hatred for his
  creation, the monster shows that he is not a
  purely evil being. The monster's eloquent
  narration of events (as provided by Victor)
  reveals his remarkable sensitivity and
  benevolence. He assists a group of poor peasants
  and saves a girl from drowning, but because of
  his outward appearance, he is rewarded only with
  beatings and disgust. Torn between vengefulness
  and compassion, the monster ends up lonely and
  tormented by remorse. Even the death of his
  creator-turned-would-be-destroyer offers only
  bittersweet relief joy because Victor has caused
  him so much suffering, sadness because Victor is
  the only person with whom he has had any sort of
  relationship.