The Progressive Movement

1
The Progressive Movement
2
What was the name of the 20th century social and
political reform movement, which occurred on
every level of government in the United States?

• The Progressive Movement

3
What were three causes of the Progressive
Movement?
4

• 1) Excesses of Gilded Age
• 2) Poor working conditions of American labor
  (workers)
• 3) Low standard of living of American labor

5
What did the Progressives believe should solve
the problems created by industrialization?

• The Government

6
What were three main goals of the Progressives?
7

• Government controlled by the people instead of
  big business and special interests
• Economic opportunity for all Americans
• Eliminate social injustices

8
How did the Progressives hope to guarantee all
Americans economic opportunity?
9

• Through government regulation of business

10
What was the Gilded Age?

• A period in the late 1800s characterized by great
  wealth, corruption, and inequality

11
Who held almost all the great wealth created in
America during the Gilded Age?

• A small upper class of businessmen and
  industrialists

12
Define the term industrialists.

• Factory owners

13
What is another name of the Gilded Age?

• The Age of the Robber Barons

14
Who were the robber barons?

• Members of the newly rich upper class who had
  extravagant lifestyles

15
What did the extravagant lifestyle of the robber
barons point out?

• The severe difference in income between the
  small, super rich upper class and the average
  American family

16
Who were the Muckrakers?

• Progressive writers who wrote about social and
  political evils in late 19th and early 20th
  century America.

17
Who were the two most famous Progressive
presidents?

• Theodore Roosevelt
• Woodrow Wilson

18
Which Progressive president was known for
offering the American people a Square Deal?

• Theodore Roosevelt

19
What Progressive president was known for the New
Freedom?

• Woodrow Wilson

20
Did both Republicans and Democrats participate in
the Progressive Movement?

• Yes

21
On what levels of government were there
Progressive reforms?

• Federal
• Local
• State

22
What was one Progressive accomplishment on the
state level?

• Passed child labor laws

23
Name 5 ways the Progressives tried to make
government more democratic at the state level?
24

• Referendum
• Initiative
• Recall
• Secret ballot
• Primary elections

25
By what process may citizens vote to approve or
reject a measure passed by a legislative body?

• Referendum

26
What process permits citizens to propose laws to
their state or local governments?

• Initiative

27
By what process may citizens vote to remove
government officials from office before they have
finished their terms?

• Recall election

28
What reform did Progressives use to protect
voters privacy?

• The secret ballot

29
What does one call an election in which voters
nominate a political partys candidates for
office?

• Primary election

30
At what level of government were child labor laws
an example of a Progressive reform?

• State government

31
What type of reforms were the 17th and 19th
Amendment and the Clayton Anti-Trust Act?

• Progressive reforms on the federal or national
  level.

32
What was the 17th Amendment?

• Direct election of United States senators

33
Who elected U.S. senators before ratification of
the 17th Amendment?

• The State Legislatures

34
What did the term trust mean during the late
19th and early 20th centuries?

• A business monopoly

35
What does the term monopoly mean?

• Absence of competition

36
What does anti-trust mean?

• Anti-monopoly

37
What did anti-trust laws try to do?

• Restore free competition to the American economy

38
What was the major weakness in the Sherman
Anti-Trust Act?

• The wording was too vague.

39
What did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act do?

• 1) Outlawed price fixing
• 2) Exempted unions from the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

40
In what two ways did Progressives try to make
local governments less corrupt, more efficient,
and more responsive to the people?
41

• Commission form of city government
• Council/manager form of city government

42
How does the council/manager form of city
government work?
43

• Voters elect a city council
• City council hires a professional manager to
  serve as the citys administrator

44
What did Progressives want city government to be?

• Efficient
• Businesslike

45
What is another word for the right to vote?

• Suffrage

46
During what war did the womens suffrage movement
first encourage American women to enter the
labor force?

• World War I

47
Name a leader of the Womens Suffrage Movement.

• Susan B. Anthony

48
Which constitutional amendment gave women the
right to vote?

• 19th Amendment

49
What were three Progressive reforms on the
federal or national level of government?

• 17th Amendment
• 19th Amendment
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act