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2: FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUSITION

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2: FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUSITION The process of how children learn their native language (L1), e.g. The stages: bubbling words (one word/two words) complex ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 2: FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUSITION


1
2 FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUSITION
  • The process of how children learn their native
    language (L1), e.g. The stages bubbling ?words
    (one word/two words) ? complex grammatical
    sentences
  • This linguistic development is commonly referred
    to Language Acquisition
  • Two Central views of LA
  • The behaviorists A childs mind is like a blank
    slate all knowledge comes from experience (i.e.
    stimulus/response-habits)
  • The innatists (Chomsky, 1959) children are
    biologically programmed for language (Language
    Acquisition Device LAD/UG) language develops as
    other biological functions develop such as
    walking. The language is not merely acquired by
    imitation (i.e. behaviorism)

2
First Language Acquisition
  • The Interactionists Language develops because of
    the interaction between linguistic/social
    environment and the childs innate capacity
  • ( i.e. a child is social being, an active party
    of Language learning-gt hypotheses maker, endowed
    with a language device)

3
First language acquisition
  • Chomsky (1959) Behaviorists theorists fail to
    recognize what is called the logical problem of
    language acquisition. It refers to children
    learning the structures of their language by
    utterances they hear from adults in the
    environment they are able to systematically
    correct those incomplete utterances since they
    have an Language Acquisition Device (LAD), later
    Universal Grammar (UG). This device can prevent
    them from using incorrect rules of language and
    can discover language rules in the process of
    acquiring language. e.g. go-gt goed -gtwented/went
    I chocolate my milk, I no like it -gt I dont like
    it, what she saying?-gt what is she saying?

4
Second Language Acquisition
  • Similar to that of First language acquisition
  • Language Device (LAD/UG) There is access to UG
    for second language learners.
  • CPH still in dispute!!!!
  • Hypotheses maker
  • Sufficient exposure and opportunities to use the
    language
  • Native Language interference in L2

5
Foreign Language Acquisition
  • A very little research on FLA (i.e. in Indonesia)
  • Notions on FLA
  • What is learned and how it is learned (Ellis,
    1994)
  • The amount of time of learning the language
    (Lindfors, 1980)
  • The kinds of social and cultural exposures to
    the language (Moon, 2000)
  • The process of foreign language learning at
    school (Nunan, 1999 Foley Thompson, 2003)
  • learners in EFL setting should be provided with
    ESL advantages (Brown, 2000)

6
FLA .
  • The findings of my study
  • Some preconditions that make foreign language
    learning plausible for children/learners UG in
    a childs brain, Critical Period, Sufficient
    exposure to the language, Sufficient
    opportunities to use the language
  • As Chomsky (1999) states
  • Language learning is not something that a
    child does but it is something that happens to
    the child placed in an appropriate
    environment,
  • Children can acquire any language since they also
    possess several qualities owned by L1 and L2
    children

7
FLA ..
  • But they need environment that provide sufficient
    exposure to the language and opportunities to use
    it
  • These preconditions make the learning of EFL
    similar to that of English as L1 and L2
  • The rate of the acquisition of EFL varies since
    it depends on how much linguistic input a
    learner gains from the environment and the
    opportunities she or he has for communicative
    purposes
  • The acquisition/learning of EFL
  • 0-learning 100-learning

8
Foreign language Acquisition
  • Qualities possessed by Learners in FLA
  • UG wired in the brain
  • (For children) critical period of age in learning
    language
  • Environment/language community
  • Sufficient exposure to the language
  • Social beings
  • Sufficient opportunities to use the language for
    communicative purposes
  • May take longer time

9
FLA .
  • Adult Learners
  • Analytical learners
  • Language inhibition, self-esteem/confidence
  • Insufficient time in learning
  • Insufficient exposure
  • Insufficient opportunities to use the language
  • Motivation
  • Way of learning at school
  • UG?
  • Critical period?
  • These preconditions may determine how much they
    learn!

10
FLA
  • Setting of Learning and Using Language
  • In the Classroom
  • Time
  • Exposure.?
  • Practice?
  • Teacher
  • Learners
  • Objective
  • Method
  • Approaches
  • Design
  • Procedure Teaching Techniques/Strategies

11
ENGLISHES
  • ENGLISH AS GLOBAL LANGUAGE NOBODY OWNS ENGLISH
    ANYMORE (Harmer, 2007 18)
  • ESL
  • EFL
  • ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages)
  • ELF (English as a Lingua Franca) She look-Ø very
    sad A person which, I work at Ø hospital They
    should arrive soon, isnt it? The nurses discuss
    about the patients condition black color,
    Please open your blouse, informations, Im sorry,
    Im leaving now

12
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