Special Nutritional Needs

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Special Nutritional Needs

• Foods I
• Obj. 4.02

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Refer to picture
• Each person requires a different amount of
  nutrients and food

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Stages of the Life Cycle
• Pregancy
• Lactation
• Infancy (0-12 months)
• Toddler (1-3 years)
• Preschool (3 years)
• School-aged
• Teen-aged
• Adults
• Older Adults (50 years)

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Pregnancy
• Choosing low-fat, nutrient dense foods
• Increase calories based on Drs recommendation
• Extra helpings of dairy items
• Reduce Caffeine intake
• Iron needs to double
• Folic acidWhy?
• Contaminants in foods can cause problems
• Fish (tuna, swordfish, etc.)

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Pregnancy
• Poor eating habits place the baby at risk for
  serious problems
• Inadequate nutrition can damage the mothers
  health also.
• Baby pulls nutrients from mothers supply
• Teen pregnancy
• Teens need added nutrients for their own growth
  and development
• Increase in low birth weight, physical, and
  learning problems

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LactationFeeding Your Child

• Nutritional Needs
• Increase water, calcium, protein, folic acid.
• Increase calories based upon body weight.
• Foods to Avoid
• Eat no more than two meals per week of fish high
  in mercury.

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Infancy
• (0-12 months)
• The infant body grows more at this period of time
  than any other in life.
• Good nutrition is critical for keeping the infant
  healthy.

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Infancy
• Breast-feeding vs. Bottle-feeding
• Both provide all the nutrients needed
• Yet, breast milk is recommended
• Why?
• This milk has the right balance of fat, carbs,
  and protein for the baby.
• Lowers the rate of infections
• Mother passes immunities to baby through
  colostrum
• Lactation
• Mother is burning calories while producing milk
  therefore she still needs to eat nutritiously.
• Watch out for spicy foods, acidic foods, etc.
• No alcohol or drugs!!!

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Infancy
• 4-6 months--Add solid foodsmash, iron-fortified
  cereal
• Introduce one food at a timeWhy?
• 9 monthsself feeding
• Example of finger foods.
• Watch for food allergies these could be deadly

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Infancy
• Foods to Avoid
• Avoid honey or corn syrup.
• Beware of choking risks.
• Eat no more than two meals per week of fish high
  in mercury.
• Withhold juice until 6 months of age.
• Need whole milk for infants up to two years of age

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Toddler
• (1-3 years)
• Nutritional Needs
• Increase iron.
• Introduce new flavors and textures in order to
  increase the variety of foods.
• Increase self-feeding. This becomes an important
  developmental milestone.

• Foods to Avoid
• Eat no more than two meals per week of fish high
  in mercury.
• No hot dogs, nuts, seeds, chunks of meat or
  cheese, whole grapes, hard, gooey, or sticky
  candy, popcorn, chunks or peanut butter, raw
  vegetables, raisins, or chewing gum.
• No more than 16-24 ounces of milk or 4-6 ounces
  of juice/day.
• Servings should be ¼ size of adults.

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Preschool
• (3 years)
• Nutritional Needs
• Need same variety of foods as adults but in
  smaller proportions.
• Serve about 2/3 of a serving.
• Entice them with foods that are bright in color,
  to make it more appealing.
• Encourage children to try new foods.

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Pre-school
• Children have small stomachs and short attention
  spans
• Try small meals and regular snacks throughout the
  day
• Appetite varies depending on growth
• During growth spurts they may eat more

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• School-aged
• 2nd most rapid growth period of life
• Need for calcium and iron for bone growth is of
  most importance
• Like toddlers, teens have growth spurtsincrease
  in caloric needs
• Continue healthy eating habits
• Dieting, losing weight, etc can be harmful

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• School Age
• Girls need 2200 kcal per day
• Boys need 2800 kcal per day
• Foods to Avoid
• High-sugar snacks
• Fatty foods

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Teens
• Nutritional Needs
• Eat more carbohydrates.
• Females need more calcium and iron.

• Foods to Avoid
• Avoid fried and saturated fats, excessive salt
  and sugars.

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Adulthood
• Dilemma
• Need for nutrients but less calories
• Need for exercise but no time
• Solution
• Choosing a variety of healthful, low-calorie food
  
• Making regular physical activity a priority

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Older Adults
• (50 years)
• Nutritional Needs
• More vitamin B6, B12, and vitamin D and calcium.
• Follow dietary guideline daily.
• Foods to Avoid
• Eat no more than two meals per week of fish high
  in mercury.
• No unpasteurized cheese, raw fish, raw milk, soft
  cheese, lightly cooked egg, raw meat or poultry
  or raw sprouts.

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Older Adults
• Good nutrition longer life
• Why
• Should choose nutrient-dense foods
• Thirst signals decline therefore adults need make
  sure to get 8-8oz cups a day

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Eating Through the Life Cycle

• Older adults
• Men over 51 need 2300 calories per day
• Women over 51 need 1900 calories per day
• Problems
• Low income
• Disabilities
• Depression

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Foods IObj. 4.02 Nutrition and Chronic
Conditions
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5.02F Nutrition and Chronic Conditions
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Nutrition and Chronic Conditions

• The following chronic conditions may be affected
  by managing ones eating patterns include
• High Blood Cholesterol
• Hypertension/High blood pressure
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Osteoporosis
• Eating Disorders
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa
• Binge Eating

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Special Diets High Blood Pressure

• A risk factor for heart disease
• 1 killer of women in US
• Reduce sodium and saturated fats
• Diet rich in calcium, potassium, and magnesium

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Special Diets High cholesterol

• Causes
• Eating Fatty (saturated fats) foods
• Eating High cholesterol foods
• Lack of Fiber in the diet
• Increase risk of heart disease and stroke
• Symptoms
• Elevated blood pressure
• Elevated HDL/LDL levels
• Foods to include
• Low-fat or Fat-free
• Whole grains
• Lean meats
• Fish
• Fresh fruits and vegetables
• Foods to avoid
• Partially hydrogenated oils
• Processed snack foods
• Highly marbled meats

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Special DietsDiabetesType II

• What is it?
• A condition in which the body cannot control
  blood sugar levels
• If left untreated it can cause severe damage to
  the bodyespecially the kidneys, eyes, and heart
• To controlcarbs are rationed through regular
  meals and careful food choices

• Causes
• Eating foods high in sugar
• Excessive body weight
• Low consumption of fiber
• Symptoms
• Excessive thirst
• Fatigue
• Foods to include
• Low-sugar and sugar-free
• Protein foods
• Whole grains
• Reduced-fat and fat-free
• Foods to avoid
• Foods that are high in sugar
• Foods that are high in carbohydrates

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Obesity

• 65 of all adults are overweight
• Number of children under the age of 18 who are
  overweight has doubled in the last 30 years
• Why?

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Obesity

• Foods to Include
• Smaller portions
• Reduced-fat or fat free
• Whole grains
• Fish
• Fresh fruits and vegetables
• Foods that Impact
• Highly processed snack foods
• Low-fiber content
• High-fat foods

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Portions
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Obesity

• Health problems
• Excess weight added strain on bones, muscles,
  and internal organs
• Walking and breathing take extra effort
• Heat and humidity increase stress
• High blood pressure, heart disease, stroke,
  diabetes, certain types of cancers
• Over 15 can raise chance of early death

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Fad Diets

• A diet that is popular for a short period of time
• Cabbage Diet
• South Beach Diet
• Fad Diets

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Ideal Body Myth

• Fashion model (female)
• 510 120
• Average female
• 54 152
• Fashion model (male)
• 60 155
• Average male
• 59 180

• Barbie Measurements

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Barbies Proportions

• Real Women
• Average womans height is 5'4?
• Their weight is approx. 140 lbs.
• They wear a size 14 dress
• Their bust is between 36? and 37? (B cup)
• Their waist is between 30? and 34?
• Their hips average between 40? and 42?
• Their shoe size is estimated to be between 8.5
  and 9.5

• Barbie (as a human)
• Barbies height would be 7'2?
• Her weight would be 101 lbs.
• She would wear a size 4 dress
• Her bust would be 39? (FF cup)
• Her waist would be 19? (same as her head)
• Her hips would be 33?
• Her shoe size would be a 5

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Additional Information

• Barbies body would have room for only half of a
  liver and only a few inches of intestines
• As opposed to the usual 26 feet.
• The result chronic diarrhea and death from
  malabsorption malnutrition.
• Barbies neck is twice as long as the average
  humans
• Making it impossible to hold up her head.
• Barbies waist is the same circumference as her
  head.
• There are 3 billion women on the planet who dont
  look like Barbie only 8 women come close.

• To look like a barbie proportionally, a healthy
  woman would need to
• add 2 feet to her height,
• subtract 6 inches from her waist,
• add 5 inches to her chest, and
• 3 inches to her neck length.
• If a woman had the same measurements as Barbie,
  she would not have enough body fat to menstruate
  (and obviously to have children).
• Barbies legs are 50 longer than her arms,
  whereas the average womans legs are only 20
  longer than her arms.
• Barbie would be unable to walk upright (she would
  need to walk on all 4s)
• Her feet are so proportionately small that her
  chest would pull her perpetually forward onto her
  toes.

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Why are these unreal for the average American?

• Bodys type is combination of general body shape
  and height
• Determined by parents through genes

• Models achieve ideals through strict diets,
  exercise, and photo touch-ups.
• How do they do it?
• Dove clip
• Evolution--Dove
• Can you tell the difference?

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Underweight

• Who?
• Models, jockeys, wrestlers, etc.
• Problem
• Not eating enough nutrients to meet bodys needs

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Underweight

• Health problems
• Suffer from infections
• Tire easily
• Cold
• Why?

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Eating Disorders

• Conditions marked by extreme emotions, attitudes,
  and behaviors related to food, eating, and
  weight.
• May cause damage to health or threaten life

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Anorexia Nervosa

• An intense fear of gaining weightsee self as fat
  
• Develop unusual eating habits
• Strenuous exercising

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Anorexia Nervosa

• Starvation diet takes a toll on the body
• Lower heart rate
• Breathing rate
• Blood pressure
• Body temp
• Lead to heart probs, osteoporosis, constipation
• Stunt growth
• Stop menstrual cycle

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Anorexia Nervosa

• Kills approximately 5 of all who suffer from it
• Death by heart attack, electrolyte imbalance, and
  suicide

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Results of Eating Disorders

• Karen Carpenter (32) musician
• Went on a water diet to lose weight. Died of
  cardiac arrest due to anorexia and weighed only
  80 lbs.
• Christy Henrich (22) gymnast
• Told to lose weight in order to make the Olympic
  team. She died of multiple organ failure, as a
  result of anorexia. She weighed only 60 lbs.

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Those Who Have Struggled With Eating Disorders

• Paula Abdul
• Dancer, choreographer and singer
• battled bulimia
• Kelly Clarkson
• The 'American Idol' winner
• struggled with bulimia for six months until
  friends discovered her secret and begged her to
  get help.
• Oprah Winfrey
• TV personality
• "It's always a struggle. I've felt safer and more
  protected when I was heavy. Food has always been
  comforting."

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Binge Eating Disorder

• Eat abnormally large amounts of food in a short
  time
• Approximately 3,000-5,000 in one sitting
• Occurs when alone followed by feelings of guilt,
  disgust, and depression

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Binge Eating Disorder

• Unbalanced diet and emotional distress can lead
  to
• Leads to excessive weight gain
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Heart disease
• Diabetes

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Bulimia Nervosa

• Binge eating is followed by purging to rid the
  body of the food and calories and prevent weight
  gain
• 2 or more times a week
• Purging includes
• Self-induced vomiting
• Abuse of laxatives
• Diet pills
• Diuretics (water-removal pills)_
• Fasting
• Excessive exercise

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Bulimia Nervosa

• Bulimia hides itself well
• Fear getting fat but usually stay 10-15 pounds
  within healthy weight
• Signs of bulimia
• Missing food
• Empty containers
• Discovery of laxatives
• Long periods in bathroom after meals

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Bulimia Nervosa

• Health problems
• Vomit eats away at the teeth, gums, and stomach
• Constant sore throats
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Irregular heart beat and possible heart failure
• Physical signs include
• Stained, decayed teeth
• Scarred, blistered hands
• Unusual swelling around jaws

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Eating Disorders

• Discussion--
• WHY DO EATING DISORDERS EXSIST?