Comparison of Energy Resources

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Comparison of Energy Resources

• IB Syllabus 3.3.1-3.3.3
• AP Syllabus
• Ch 15, 16
• Video A Crude Awakening

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• http//1bog.org/blog/what-if-solar-power-had-fossi
  l-fuel-like-subsidies-infographic/

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• 3.3.1 Outline the range of energy resources
  available to a society
• 3.3.2 Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages
  of two contrasting energy sources
• 3.3.3 Discuss the factors that effect the
  choice of energy sources adopted by different
  societies

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Vocabulary

• Greenhouse gases
• Renewable natural capital
• Non renewable natural capital
• Pollution

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Energy Resources

• Fossil fuels ? coal, oil, natural gas
• Nuclear ? fission, fusion
• Solar ? passive, active
• Hydroelectric
• Geothermal
• Wind
• The relative use of different forms depends on
  the particular area, its needs and its own
  available resources

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Nuclear power 6
Hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind 7
Natural Gas 12
Biomass 11
Coal 21
Oil 32
World
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Nuclear power 8
Hydropower geothermal solar, wind 4
Natural Gas 23
Coal 22
Biomass 4
Oil 39
United States
8
60
History
Projections
Oil
50
Natural gas
40
Coal
Nuclear
Energy consumption (quadrillion Btus)
30
Nonhydro renewable
20
Renewable hydro
10
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
Year
9
100
Wood
Coal
80
Natural gas
60
Contribution to total energy consumption (percent)
Oil
40
Hydrogen Solar
20
Nuclear
0
2100
2025
1950
1875
1800
Year
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When will it all run out?

• Future of nonrenewable resources depends on
• Actual or Potential supply
• Rate of consumption
• Economic depletion costs too much to use
• Depletion time time to use 80 of resource
• Traditional measure of availability is reserve to
  production ratio change is based on new sources
  and new processes

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Depletion Curves
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Economics Mineral Resources

• Resources are unequally distributed on the earth
  by geologic processes
• In free market economy high supply should lower
  price, while scarcity increased price
• Theory may no longer apply because of
  governmental control of resources prices
• Government Subsidies, Lower taxes, increased
  purchasing power all benefit mining companies

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Most power generation regardless of the type is
based on heating water to create Steam to turn a
turbine and run a dynamo to create the electricity
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Oil
15
(No Transcript)
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Coal
17
Nuclear Power
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Renewable energy
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Solar Power
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Transfer to a Sustainable Energy Future
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More Renewable Energy
Improve Energy Efficiency
Increase renewable energy to 20 by 2020 and 50
by 2050
Increase fuel-efficiency standards for
vehicles, buildings, and appliances
Provide large subsidies and tax credits for
renewable energy
Use full-cost accounting and least-cost analysis
for com- paring all energy alternatives
Mandate government purchases of efficient
vehicles and other devices
Encourage government purchase of renewable
energy devices
Provide large tax credits for buying efficient
cars, houses, and appliances
Greatly increase renewable energy research and
development
Offer large tax credits for investments in
efficiency
Reduce Pollution and Health Risk
Reward utilities for reducing demand
Cut coal use 50 by 2020
Phase out coal subsidies
Encourage independent power producers
Levy taxes on coal and oil use
Phase out nuclear power or put it on hold until
2020
Greatly increase efficiency research and
development
Phase out nuclear power subsidies
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So why use one type over another

• Iceland uses geothermal energy because of their
  location and its low environmental impacts
• China, US, Russia use coal because they have a
  lot of it available and its cheap economically
• US dependence on oil is cultural because of our
  insistence on cars, suburbs, bigger, more, better
• EU more nuclear power use because of
  environmental benefits and they have the
  technology to do it
• LDCs use wood, dung other biofuels that are
  easily collected

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• With impending effects of climate change the use
  of carbon dioxide producing energy sources is
  being questioned around the world
• Our dependence is deep ? how will we change
  something that is so deeply ingrained in our way
  of life?