Aim: How did Labor Unions respond to the working conditions of the Industrial Revolution? Do Now: Turn to the next slide and begin your journey. Complete all assignments in your notes as you go through. HW: Half period test tomorrow. Study!

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Aim How did Labor Unions respond to the working
conditions of the Industrial Revolution? Do
Now Turn to the next slide and begin your
journey. Complete all assignments in your notes
as you go through.HW Half period test
tomorrow. Study!
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• Activity Observe the following photographs and
  identify the different impacts industrialization
  on labor. Write the impacts in your notes. Write
  any other additional response you have to the
  images.
• While viewing each photograph think about the
  following
• Who is doing the work?
• What are the hazards?
• What type of work are they doing? Would they
  need training? (skilled vs. unskilled)
• Think about these questions when you are looking
  at the pictures!
• What was it like to live during this time period?

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Part I Working Conditions- What do you see? What
do you think of it?
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Every year approximately 200 miners per mine
died. Here is an example of a cemetery where the
industry that may have put them there in the
background.
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A group of miners pose for a picture. 2000 feet
underground!!!!! That is almost ½ of a mile!
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• 3 miners waiting to use the primitive
  elevator to lower them into the mining shaft for
  a days work!

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Working Conditions- What did you see? Make sure
you took notes! Record your findings!
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Part II. Women and Children in the Workplace
What do you see?
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• How is Big Business treating its workers
  according to the picture?

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• Children stand on the machine while it is in
  motion!!!!

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Here is a SIX year old girl working in a cotton
mill
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Look carefully, what is missing?
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What occupational (job) hazards can you find in
this picture?
A candle would be placed into his hat to provide
light while working in the mines!
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The taller boy standing to the right oversees the
breaker boys who separate the coal from the
stones during mining. The machine used is moving
quickly and they are not allowed to wear gloves!
Why might this be dangerous?
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Women sewing in a garment factory.
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Women canning fruits in order to preserve them!
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Women and Children in the Workplace What did
you see? What do you think of it?
Record your findings!
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STOP!!!

• Directions Now look at your observations about
  how industrialization impacted labor and using an
  example (evidence) from each category copy and
  answer the question below in your notes
• EQ How did Industrialization impact labor in the
  United States?

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NEXT STEPS!

• Discuss with your partner and answer in your
  notes (think about your hw)
• What do you think needs to be done to solve the
  problems created by industrialization?

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What actually happens?

• LABOR MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES TAKES PLACE!!!

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The American Federation of Labor (AFL)

• Causes
• founded by Samuel Gompers
• made up of skilled workers who had belonged to
  national trade unions and needed a group to fight
  for their rights as workers
• Results
• gained better working conditions by collective
  bargaining or group negotiations. Used strikes
  as well.
• higher pay shorter hours
• favored the use of strikes
• 1900 AFL leading union in the US

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Eugene Debs

• Believed that unions should include all kinds of
  workers
• Formed the American railway Union which consisted
  of many unskilled workers.
• He successfully won higher wages in a strike
• Was a Socialist-meaning he favored more
  government control of business so that wealth
  would be equally distributed amongst the
  population. He hated that the rich were getting
  richer and the poor were getting poorer?

Answer in your notes Would Eugene Debs have
agreed with Karl Marxs ideas? Explain!!!!
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How did these Unions achieve their goals? The
Strike!

• In the next series of slides, you will read about
  three major strikes that took place. For each
  strike, answer the following
• 1) What led to the strike?
• 2) Was the strike successful in your opinion? Why
  or why not?

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THE GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE OF 1877

• CAUSES
• The great Railroad Strike of 1877 began on
  July 16, when railroad workers for the Baltimore
  and Ohio Railroad staged a spontaneous strike
  after yet another wage cut. After
• RESULTSPresident Rutherford Hayes sent federal
  troops to West Virginia to save the nation from
  insurrection, the strike spread across the
  nation. -surge in Union membership

Discuss with partner How did the government view
the strike?
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• Haymarket Square Chicago 1886 CAUSES
• workers from McCormick Harvesting Machine Company
  struck for an 8 hour day (They wanted a reduction
  in the amount of hours they worked in a given
  day). However, the Knights of Labor (union) did
  not support their actions.
• police came - four strikers killed and several
  wounded.
• next day at a rally in Haymarket Square-
  anarchists spoke up against police treatment of
  workers.
• Thousands protest the killings and during the
  rally the police break up the meeting - someone
  threw a bomb at police - 7 police die. In
  response the police spray the crowd with bullets
  and 10 more workers die with another 50 injured.

Effect/Result Anti-Labor feelings sweep the
nation and membership in the Knights of Labor
Union fell drastically! KNL unfairly linked to
the anarchists
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Haymarket pictures-
Causes Haymarket Square prior to the
demonstration as protestors being to rally
because of the poor treatment they received..
Results Police respond to the protestors and a
bomb goes off The result-. In response the
police spray the crowd with bullets and 10 more
workers die with another 50 injured.
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Pullman Strike
CAUSES Owner George Pullman, who hoped to
prevent labor discontent, but he was not willing
to grant high wages. Workers for Pullman lived in
a "company town" where everything was owned by
the corporation, including their housing and
local store. The Pullman Company controlled every
aspect of their lives, and practiced "debt
slavery" Money owed was automatically deducted
from workers' paychecks and frequently workers
would never see their earnings at all. The
workers children were responsible for the debt if
the parents didnt pay it off.

• National Guard fires on Pullman strikers, from
  Harper's Weekly (1894)

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Pullman Strike continued

• RESULTS
• During the major economic downturn of the early
  1890s, George Pullman cut wages without reducing
  the workers rent and other expenses.
  Discontented workers decided to stage a strike.
• The strike effectively shut down production in
  the Pullman factories and led to a lockout.
• The strike was eventually broken up by 12,000 U.S
  Army troops
• President Grover Cleveland ordered the troops be
  sent in on the basis that the strike interfered
  with the delivery of U.S. Mail.
• Federal Judge in Chicago issued an injunction
  against the strikers ordering them to stop
  striking.
• By the end of the strike 13 strikers were killed
  and 57 were wounded. An estimated 80 million
  worth of property was damaged
• Strikers were fired and replaced

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CAUSES Homestead Steel Strike Workers went on
strike for higher wages. Management refused to
negotiate and locked out the workers, however the
workers broke in and took control of the mill.
Management hired the Pinkerton Police, which is a
private security force, to take control back. 300
Pinkertons arrived by barge and were greeted by
the workers. For 12 hours a battle ensued. The
end result was the Pinkertons surrendered. The
union lost most of its support.
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RESULTS Carnegie then requested help from the
Pennsylvania National Guard to restore control
over the strikers after the Pinkertons had
failed. Carnegie replaced 1700 strikers with new
workers called strike breakers (scabs).
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Evaluation Discuss and answer in your notes 1)
What was the role of labor unions in trying to
solve the problems of workers during
industrialization? 2) What is your point of
view of the helpfulness of unions during
industrialization in making changes for
workers?3) What is your point of view on how
helpful the government was? 4) What further
changes do you think need to take place to
improve the situations of the workers?