What Shapes an Ecosystem?

1
What Shapes an Ecosystem?
2
What Shapes an Ecosystem?

• Biotic Factors living/biological influences on
  organisms within an ecosystem.
• Examples?
• Abiotic Factors physical/non-living influences
  on organisms within an ecosystem.
• Examples?
• Together, biotic and abiotic factors determine
  the survival and growth of an organism and the
  productivity of the ecosystem in which the
  organism lives habitat ( home of organism its
  address)

3
Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
ECOSYSTEM
4
Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
ECOSYSTEM
5
Biotic vs. Abiotic
6
Biotic vs. Abiotic
7
Biotic vs. Abiotic
8
Biotic vs. Abiotic
9
The Niche

• Niche the ROLE of an organism in its habitat
• What is the organisms job?
• What does the organism do for its environment?
• The niche is the full range of physical and
  biological conditions in which an organism lives
  and the way in which the organism uses those
  conditions
• place in food web, range of temperatures needed
  to survive, food, physical conditions necessary
  for survival, reproduction, etc.
• Competitive Exclusion Principle - no two species
  can share the exact niche in the same habitat at
  the same timeWhy?
• One will become extinct.

10
Warblers and Their Niches
Cape May Warbler Feeds at the tips of
branches near the top of the tree
Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeds in the middle part of
the tree
Yellow-Rumped Warbler Feeds in the lower part of
the tree and at the bases of the middle branches
Spruce tree
11
Community Interactions

• Powerfully affect an ecosystem
• Three important types of interactions
• Competition
• Predation
• Symbiosis

12
Competition

• Competition organisms compete for resources
  (food, water, shelter, etc)

13
Predation

• Predation one organism (predator) captures and
  feeds on another (prey)

14
Symbiosis

• Symbiosis two species live closely together
• Three major types of symbiosis
• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism

15
Symbiosis - Mutualism

• Host Symbiont
• Example flower bee both organisms benefit
  from each other
• Other examples?

16
Mutualism Examples
17
Symbiosis - Commensalism
Host Symbiont Example barnacle and whale
one organism benefits, the other is not hurt
nor harmed Other examples?
18
Commensalism Examples
19
Symbiosis - Parasitism
Host Symbiont Example tapeworm and human
one organism benefits while the other is
harmed Other examples?
20
Parasitism Examples
21
Ecological Succession

• Ecological Succession series of predictable
  changes that occurs in a community over time
• Ecosystems are constantly changing in response
  to natural and human disturbances. As an
  ecosystem changes, older inhabitants gradually
  die out and new organisms move in, causing
  further changes in the community.

22
Primary Succession

• Bare rock to plant community like on a volcanic
  island
• First species to populate are called pioneer
  species (usually lichens)
• No soil have to make it by breaking down rocks
  first

23
Primary Succession
24
Secondary Succession

• Soil to climax community (stable, mature
  community)
• Wildfires, farms, marine environments
• Soil already there