Subjunctive Uses I

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Subjunctive Uses I
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Dependent Subjunctives

• We come to school
• so that we can learn Latin.

main clause
subordinate clause
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Purpose Clauses

• The First of the Dependent Subjunctives that we
  will learn is the Purpose Clause.
• The Purpose Clause is a subordinate clause in the
  Subjunctive that explains the reason why the
  subject performed the action of the verb.
• I ran to class so that I wouldnt be late.
• We go to school so that we might learn.

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Purpose Clauses

• In English, we can form purpose clauses in a
  variety of ways. The two most prevalent ways
  are
• - so that
• I ran to class so that I wouldnt be late.
• - infinitive or in order to
• We go to school (in order) to learn.

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Purpose Clauses

• In Latin, there is only one way to create a
• purpose clause, and that is with the word ut.
• Caesar gladium capit ut pugnet.
• Caesar grabs a sword in order to fight.
• One can negate the purpose clause by using the
  word ne in place of ut.
• Caesar pugnat ne patria capiatur.
• Caesar fights so that the country might not be
  captured.

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Purpose Clauses

• Hunc tibi dono ut omnes facta Romanorum
  intellegant.
• I give this to you so that all may know the deeds
  of the Romans.
• Hunc tibi donavi ut omnes facta Romanorum
  intellegerent.
• I gave this to you so that all knew / would know
  the deeds of the Romans.
• Caesar pugavit ut Romam e servitute liberaret.
• Caesar fought in order to free Rome from slavery.

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Practice

• Poetam audio ut sapientiam eius accipiam.
• I listen to the poet in order to receive his
  wisdom.
• Poeta canebat ut laetus esset rex.
• The poet was singing so that the king would be
  happy.
• Bellum acriter geremus ut provincia sit libera.
• We wage war bitterly so that the province will be
  free.
• Bellum a nostris gestum est ne hostes provinias
  teneant.
• War has been waged by us so that the enemies
  dont occupy the provinces.
• Tu cum sociis ad insulam missus es ut verba regis
  ad incolas ferres.
• You were sent with the allies to the island so
  that you would bring the words of the king to the
  inhabitants.

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Result Clauses
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Result Clauses

• The Next of the Dependent Subjunctives that we
  will learn is the Result Clause.
• The Result Clause is a subordinate clause in the
  Subjunctive that explains an action that has
  occurred or is likely to occur as a result of the
  main clause.
• The best use of the result clause in English is
  the Yo mama joke.

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Not yo mamas Result Clause

• Yo mama so stupid that she went to the
  orthodontist to
• get a blue tooth
• Yo mama so fat that people jog around her for
  exercise
• Yo mama so nasty that she made speed stick slow
  down.
• Yo mama so ugly that not even goldfish crackers
  smile
• Back.

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Result Clauses

• In all of those examples, the presence of the
  result
• clause is signaled by two words.
• Yo mama so ugly that she made an onion cry.
• The two words that signal a result clause in
  English are
• so and that.
• The so is used to modify an adjective/adverb.
• The that introduces the result clause proper.

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Result Clauses

• In Latin, the same two words are used to signal
  the
• result clause
• There are a good amount of so words that can be
  used, but most of them are the T correlatives

So words So words
tam so
talis, tale such
tantus, a, um so much/great
tot so many
adeo to such an extent
sic thus
ita in such a manner
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Result Clauses

• In Latin, the same two words are used to signal
  the
• result clause
• There is only one that word in Latin ut.
• So.
• Tua mater est tam deformis ut Cicero, cum eam
  videret,
• quieverit.
• Yo mama so ugly that Cicero was struck dumb, when
  he saw her.

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Result Clauses

• Result Clauses also can be negative as well
• Ita dixerat ut non sententiam intellegerem.
• She had spoken in such a manner that I did not
• understand (her) opinion.
• When one introduces a negative result clause, one
  does not use ne, but instead uses ut non. This
  shift in negative expression helps to
  differentiate result clauses from purpose clauses.

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Practice

• Mater tua est tam obesa ut urbs, cum Romae sit,
  VIII colles habeat.
• Yo mama so fat that the city has 8 hills when she
  is in Rome.
• Tot signa a dis missa sunt ut non errare
  possimus.
• So many signs have been sent from the gods that
  we are not able to err.
• Nostri tam fortiter pugnaverant ut ab imperatore
  ipso sint laudati.
• Our men had fought so bravely that they were
  praised by the general himself.