Unit 4 Review

1
Unit 4 Review
2
In which of the following did Abraham Lincoln
make the statement below?

• We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be
  enemies. Though passion may have strained it must
  not break our bonds of affection. The mystic
  chords of memory, stretching from every
  battlefield and patriot grave to every living
  heart and hearthstone all over this broad land,
  will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when
  again touched, as surely they will be, by the
  better angels of our nature.(A)
  Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858(B) Cooper Union
  Address, 1860(C) First Inaugural Address,
  1861(D) Gettysburg Address, 1863(E) Second
  Inaugural Address, 1865

3
Answer

• (C) First Inaugural Address, 1861
• Explanation As Lincoln took office in March
  1861, the Union was already disintegrating as
  Southern states established the Confederate
  States of America. Lincoln, while not wanting to
  endorse their secession in any way, also sought
  to reach out in hopes of peaceful reconciliation.

4
Which of the following statements about the
American economy in the 1850s is/are true?

• I. The market for northeast manufacturers
  expanded both domestically and internationally.II
  . The California gold rush added as much as 50
  million a year in gold to the economy each
  year.III. As the plantation system spread, the
  U.S. supplied most of the world's cotton.IV.
  Western agriculture experienced growth with the
  expansion of railroads and the opening of
  European markets.V. Protective tariffs climbed
  steeply during the decade to reach their highest
  levels since the nation's founding.(A) I, II,
  and IV only(B) I, II, and III only(C) I, III,
  IV and V only(D) I, II, III, and IV only(E) all
  of the statements are true

5
Answer

• (D) I, II, III, and IV only
• Explanation The 1850s  witnessed tremendous
  growth in the American economy. Foreign and
  domestic markets expanded for both manufactured
  goods and  agricultural products with the spread
  of railroads and the introduction of clipper
  ships to Europe. By 1860, the U.S. supplied 7/8
  of the world's cotton as the plantation system,
  while morally reprehensible, was economically
  productive. The gold rush added capital to the
  economy and spurred western migration.  Tariffs,
  however, which had been a huge issue of
  contention between the pro-tariff North and
  anti-tariff South during earlier decades,
  declined to their lowest level since their
  implementation in the Federalist Era.

6

• Which of the following statements about the 1854
  Kansas-Nebraska Act is not accurate?
• (A) it repealed the Missouri Compromise's
  restriction on slavery north of the 3630'
  line(B) it was proposed by Illinois Senator
  Stephen Douglas(C) its passage helped reduce
  tension in the Kansas region between pro- and
  anti-slavery forces(D) it was based on the
  concept of popular sovereignty, which stated that
  a territory's voters should decide on slavery's
  fate(E) opponents of the bill helped form the
  Republican Party

7
Answer

• (C) its passage helped reduce tension in the
  Kansas region between pro- and anti-slavery
  forces
• Explanation The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed
  residents of the Kansas and Nebraska territories
  to select or reject slavery, thus overturning the
  restriction on slavery's expansion in the 1820
  Missouri Compromise. Proposed by Stephen Douglas,
  it led to the first set of Lincoln-Douglas
  debates in 1854, the creation of the Republican
  Party by opponents, and an increase in violence
  in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces poured
  into the region.

8

• Which of the following political parties of the
  1840s and 1850s was strongly anti-immigrant and
  anti-Catholic and limited its membership to
  Anglo-Saxon Protestants?(A) Free Soil (B) Whig
  (C) Republican (D) Know-Nothing(E) Liberty

9
Answer

• (D) Know-Nothing
• Explanation The Know-Nothings, strongly
  anti-German and anti-Irish, received their
  nickname from the practice of members to say "I
  know nothing" about their group if non-members
  asked them about it. They joined former Whigs in
  1854 to form the American Party. Their platform
  in the 1856 presidential election included
  lengthening the period for naturalization to 21
  years, restricting public school teacher
  positions and public offices to Protestants and
  mandating daily Bible readings in public
  schools. 

10

• Which controversial antebellum figure was
  described by Henry David Thoreau as "an angel of
  light" and by Frederick Douglass as one whose 
  "...zeal in the cause of my race was far greater
  than mine it was as the burning sun to my taper
  light mine was bounded by time, his stretched
  away to the boundless shores of eternity. I could
  live for the slave, but he could die for
  him."(A) Abraham Lincoln(B) William Lloyd
  Garrison(C) John Brown(D) John C. Frémont(E)
  Stephen Douglas

11
Answer

• (C) John Brown
• Explanation Brown led an 1859 raid in Harper's
  Ferry, Virginia, attempting to start a slave
  insurrection throughout the South. The raid
  failed and Brown was quickly tried, convicted,
  and executed. His life and death took on symbolic
  value, however, for both the  North and the South
  in the next tumultuous decade.

12
Which of the following individuals wrote the
quote below in protest of the U.S. involvement in
the Mexican-American War?

• "When a sixth of the population of a nation
  which has undertaken to be the refuge of liberty
  are slaves, and a whole country is unjustly
  overrun and conquered by a foreign army, and
  subjected to military law, I think that it is not
  too soon for honest men to rebel and
  revolutionize. What makes this duty the more
  urgent is the fact that the country so overrun is
  not our own, but ours is the invading
  army...Under a government which imprisons any
  unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a
  prison.."(A) Abraham Lincoln(B) Henry
  Clay(C) William Lloyd Garrison(D) Ralph Waldo
  Emerson(E) Henry David Thoreau

13
Answer

• (E) Henry David Thoreau
• Explanation Thoreau, who spent a night in the
  Concord jail for not paying his taxes, developed 
  his concept of peaceful protest in "Civil 
  Disobedience." His writings inspired several
  Twentieth Century nonviolent social activists,
  including Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

14
Arrange these events in their proper time order

• I. Abraham Lincoln introduces the spot
  resolutions in Congress.II. The Treaty of
  Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican War.III. The
  Oregon Treaty is approved.IV. Texas is annexed
  by the U.S.(A) I, II, III, IV(B) IV, III, I,
  II(C) III, IV, I, II(D) IV, I, III, II(E) III,
  I, II, III

15
Answer

• (B) IV, I, III, II
• Explanation  IV. Texas is annexed by the U.S.
  (1845)  III. The Oregon Treaty is approved.
  (1846)  I. Abraham Lincoln introduces the spot
  resolutions in Congress. (1847).  II. The Treaty
  of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican War.
  (1848).

16
Which explorer aided a revolt of Americans living
in northern California in 1846 and took military
command of the short-lived Bear Flag Republic?

• (A) Kit Carson(B) Zebulon Pike(C) John C.
  Frémont(D) Davy Crockett(E) Jedediah Smith

17
Answer

• (C) John C. Frémont
• Explanation Frémont led a small band of soldiers
  south from Oregon in June 1846 and assisted some
  American settlers who had declared the Bear Flag
  Republic in Sonoma, California by capturing the
  Mexican Commandant of Northern California.

18
Which of the following statements about manifest
destiny are accurate?

• I. Journalist John O'Sullivan first used the term
  in an essay in 1845 in which he encouraged the
  U.S. to annex Texas.II. It referred to specific
  territories that President James K. Polk intended
  to add to the U.S.III. Its philosophical base
  included the concept of American
  exceptionalism.IV. It is usually associated with
  the era from 1865-1900.V. Its concepts were
  generally opposed by Whigs such as Henry Clay and
  Abraham Lincoln who favored development of
  America's economy.
• (A) I and V only(B) II, III, and IV only(C) I,
  III, and V only(D) III, IV, and V only(E) I,
  IV, and V only

19
Answer

• (C) I, III, and V only
• Explanation First referred to in principle by
  O'Sullivan in 1839, manifest destiny was first
  identified in his 1845 essay "Annexation." While
  not referring to specific territories, it did
  rely on the spirit of American exceptionalism. It
  is usually associated with the years from
  1812-1860. It was favored by Democrats such as
  Polk but usually opposed by Whigs who encouraged
  bolstering America's internal economy.

20
Which of the following statements is accurate
about the acquisition of Oregon?

• (A) it was accomplished during the administration
  of John Tyler(B) it featured a battle cry of "54
  40 or Fight" from members of Parliament(C) it
  settled the border between the U.S. and Canada at
  the 49th parallel in the Oregon Territory(D) the
  Oregon Territory had a large number of British
  fur trappers living and working in its area when
  the Oregon Treaty was signed(E) the Oregon
  Treaty provided for joint control of the land
  until the year 1900

21
Answer

• (C) it settled the border between the U.S. and
  Canada at the 49th parallel in the Oregon
  Territory
• Explanation The Oregon Treaty, concluded in
  James K. Polk's one-term administration in 1846,
  re-affirmed the U.S.-Canada border at the 49th
  parallel. The Treaty provided for joint control
  of the land for 10 years. In fact, very few
  British subjects lived in Oregon at the time of
  the Treaty. The cry of "54 40 or Fight" was made
  by American expansionists who sought a border for
  Oregon much farther north.

22
Which of the following was not a feature of the
1836 Texas independence fight?

• (A) volunteers, including former Congressman Davy
  Crockett, defending the Alamo against the Mexican
  army(B) an execution by Mexican troops of Texans
  at Goliad(C) following it, Texas elected Sam
  Houston as the president of the Republic of
  Texas(D) a speech by Congressman Abraham Lincoln
  demanding to know the spot of American soil on
  which American blood was spilt(E) a surrender of
  Mexican General Santa Anna at the Battle of San
  Jacinto

23
Answer

• (D) a speech by Congressman Abraham Lincoln
  demanding to know the spot of American soil on
  which American blood was spilt
• Explanation Lincoln introduced his "spot
  resolutions" during the 1846 Mexican-American
  War.

24
Which of the following 19th century American
presidents did not have any military experience
prior to assuming duties as Commander-in-Chief?

• (A) Andrew Jackson(B) Martin Van Buren(C)
  Zachary Taylor(D) Franklin Pierce(E) James
  Buchanan

25
Answer

• (B) Martin Van Buren
• Explanation Van Buren, who served as Andrew
  Jackson's Secretary of State and Vice-President,
  was an attorney and lifelong politician. Jackson
  was a general in the War of 1812, as were Taylor
  and Pierce in the Mexican-American War. Buchanan
  served as a volunteer during the War of 1812 in
  the defense of Baltimore.

26
Which of the following statements is not true of
Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln?

• (A) both moved west after their birth(B) both
  had a deep and abiding faith in American
  democracy(C) both were attorneys who had
  military experience in their resumes(D) both
  were at one time members of the Whig Party(E)
  both were activist presidents, using strong
  executive action to accomplish their goals

27
Answer

• (D) both were at one time members of the Whig
  Party
• Explanation While Lincoln began his political
  career as an anti-Jackson Whig, Jackson was a
  Democrat. Jackson's military career was far more
  extensive than Lincoln's, as the latter served
  only briefly in the Black Hawk War. Both moved
  west, Jackson from South Carolina to Tennessee
  and Lincoln from Kentucky to Indiana and then
  Illinois. Both strengthened the office of the
  president by taking forceful executive action.
  Both men were firm believers in the importance of
  preserving the Union and the value of democracy.

28
Which of the following statements are true of
both the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War?

• I. the war added significant territory to the
  U.S.II. significant opposition to the war could
  be found in New England statesIII. naval
  blockades were a major part of the warIV. the
  war ended in a stalemate with the issues causing
  the war remaining unresolvedA) I, II, and III
  onlyB) II and III onlyC) II, III, and IV
  onlyD) all of the statement are trueE) none of
  the statements are true

29
Answer

• B) II and III only
• Explanation While a great deal of territory was
  added to the U.S. at the end of the
  Mexican-American War, only Carleton Island in the
  St. Lawrence River became a U.S. possession as a
  result of the War of 1812. Both the War of 1812
  and the Mexican-American War were unpopular in
  New England. Federalists generally opposed the
  War of 1812, while Whigs expressed their
  opposition to what they saw as a land-grab of
  Mexico by Southern Democrats. Following some
  early American naval victories, the British
  instituted a blockade of the eastern seaboard
  during the War of 1812 as the U.S. did to
  Mexico's east coast during the Mexican-American
  War. While the War of 1812 was settled by the
  Treaty of Ghent, which solved few of the problems
  leading to war, the Mexican-American War was
  concluded by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
  which resulted in huge land concessions being
  made to the U.S. by Mexico.

30
The fact that the Confederacy fought as long and
effectively as it did is most remarkable because

•       (A)  the border states enthusiastically
  supported all Union policies      (B)  England
  and France openly supported the Union      (C) 
  slave rebellions were a constant worry among
  Confederate officials      (D)  the Union states
  were completely unified in their war aims     
  (E)  it was greatly outnumbered in population

31
Answer

• (E) it was greatly outnumbered in population.
•   Explanation At the start of the war, the
  population of the Union numbered  22 million,
  while the Confederacy's population was nine
  million which included four million slaves. This
  meant that a long war of attrition favored the
  Union, as it could call up new recruits for its
  armies. Despite that fact, the Union resorted to
  a draft to fill quotas.

32
The Crittenden Compromise, which was proposed in
December 1860 in an attempt to prevent secession,

• (A) stated that fugitive slave laws were
  unconstitutional(B) allowed slavery in
  territories north of the 3630' line(C) provided
  for compensating slaveowners for runaway
  slaves(D) passed both the House and the
  Senate(E) allowed for the importation of new
  slaves from Africa

33
Place these significant 1850s events in the
correct chronological order

• I. John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry II.
  Lincoln elected president III. Passage of
  Kansas-Nebraska Act IV. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
  V. Dred Scott decision
• (A) I-III-IV-V-II(B) III-IV-V-I-II(C)
  III-V-IV-I-II(D) IV-III-V-I-II(E) V-III-IV-II-I

34
Answer

• (C) III-V-IV-I-II  
• Explanation From the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act
  until Lincoln's election in 1860, the U.S.
  witnessed a deteriorating political climate as
  the debate over slavery's existence and extension
  dominated discussion. The 1857 Dred Scott
  decision, in which Congress' right to control
  slavery in the territories was overturned, helped
  to further harden positions, which were debated
  by senatorial candidates Lincoln and Douglas in
  the 1858 Illinois contest. Brown's unsuccessful
  attempt in 1859 to launch a slave revolt in
  Virginia added more fuel to the fire. Within a
  month of Lincoln's election, South Carolina
  declared its intention to secede from the Union.

35
The Republican Party

• (A) nominated Abraham Lincoln as its first
  presidential candidate in 1856(B) took a strong
  stand against protective tariffs in the 1850s(C)
  was formed in response to the Compromise of
  1850(D) had both strong northern and southern
  wings in its first decade of existence(E) was
  comprised largely of former members of the Whig
  Party in the 1850s

36
Answer

• (E) was comprised largely of former members of
  the Whig Party in the 1850s
•  Explanation  Formed in 1854 and comprised of a
  number of ex-Whigs, the Republican Party's first
  major position was in opposition to the
  Kansas-Nebraska Act which opened western
  territories to popular sovereignty and voided the
  Missouri Compromise's restriction on slavery. It
  was almost exclusively a northern party in the
  1850s, nominating John C. Frémont for president
  in 1856 and electing Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
  Republican economic policies included support for
  strong protective tariffs.

37
Which of the following provided the most
disagreement among pro- and anti-slavery forces
in the 1850s?

• (A) whether slaves should be sold in Washington,
  D.C.(B) the gag rule in Congress(C) the
  interpretation of slavery in the Bible(D)
  slavery in the western territories(E)
  California's entry into the Union as a free state

38
Answer

• (D) slavery in the western territories
•  Explanation  Limiting or allowing the
  expansion of slavery into the territories west of
  the Mississippi River led to disagreements in
  Congress and violence in areas such as Kansas in
  the 1850s.

39
One important result of the Mexican-American War
was

• (A) increased ill-will between pro-slavery and
  anti-slavery forces(B) a rejection of the
  principles of manifest destiny(C) the addition
  of Florida to the U.S.(D) the annexation of
  Texas(E) the settlement of the Oregon Territory
  question

40
Answer

• (A) increased ill-will between pro-slavery and
  anti-slavery forces
•  Explanation  The addition of the territory in
  the Mexican Cession added further tension to the
  discussion of slavery in the period following the
  Mexican-American War. California was admitted to
  the Union as a free state in the Compromise of
  1850 with the assumption that the lands south of
  the 36 30' line would be open to slavery, as was
  Texas.

41
Which of the following statements about the
Mexican-American War is inaccurate?

• (A) the U.S. had offered at least 25 million to
  Mexico for the purchase of California(B)
  internal opposition to the conflict came mostly
  from New England(C) while most of the fighting
  took place in Mexico, military engagements
  between U.S. and Mexican forces also took place
  in California(D) American troops outnumbered
  Mexican forces in each significant engagement of
  the war(E) one of the provisions of the Treaty
  of Guadalupe Hidalgo included Mexico giving up
  all claims to Texas

42
Answer

• D) American troops outnumbered Mexican forces in
  each significant engagement of the war
•  Explanation  Despite facing a Mexican army
  greatly outnumbering his, General Zachary Taylor
  scored a major victory at Buena Vista in 1847. In
  the concluding battle at Mexico City later that
  year, General Winfield Scott's troops won,
  despite being outnumbered 25,000 to 10,000.

43
The slogan "54 40' or Fight"

• (A) was used by expansionists who sought major
  concessions from Great Britain in the disputed
  Oregon region(B) became the campaign slogan of
  Whig candidate Henry Clay in the 1844
  presidential election(C) referred to the
  northern border of California which was disputed
  by the U.S., Great Britian, and Russia(D)
  referred to a border dispute between the U.S. and
  Mexico near the Nueces River(E) was used by the
  Whigs in 1840 along with "Tippecanoe and Tyler
  Too"

44
Answer

• (A) was used by expansionists who sought major
  concessions from Great Britain in the disputed
  Oregon region
•  Explanation  Both the U.S. and Great Britain
  claimed possession of the Oregon Territory
  between the 42nd and the 49th parallel.
  Supporters of President James Polk agitated for
  war with Britain if their territorial demands
  weren't met, exclaiming "54 40' or Fight." Not
  wanting to engage in another conflict while
  fighting the Mexican-American War, Polk quietly
  negotiated the Oregon Treaty of 1846 which set
  the border at the 49th parallel.

45

• Which of the following ended slavery in the
  border states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland,
  and Delaware?
•       (A)  Emancipation Proclamation      (B) 
  13th Amendment      (C)  Homestead Act     
  (D)  Kansas-Nebraska Act      (E)  Wilmot
  Proviso

46
Answer

• (B)  13th Amendment
• Explanation The Emancipation Proclamation, which
  took effect on January 1, 1863, only applied to
  the states in rebellion against the Union and
  specifically excluded the border states, which
  retained slavery but did not join the
  Confederacy. When a woman shouted out "God is on
  our side, Mr. President," to President Lincoln,
  he reportedly responded "I hope to have God on my
  side, but I must have Kentucky." Later he
  explained to a U.S. senator " I think to lose
  Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole
  game. Kentucky gone, we can not hold Missouri,
  nor, as I think, Maryland. These all against us,
  and the job on our hands is too large for us. We
  would as well consent to separation at once,
  including the surrender of this capital. The
  13th Amendment, ratified in 1865, ended slavery
  throughout the nation.