Endocrine and Reproductive System Web Quest

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Endocrine and Reproductive SystemWeb Quest

• Vanessa Cooper
• Michael Crawley
• Vanie Mangal

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Introduction

• The Endocrine System consists of glands and
  hormones. Glands are a group of cells that
  produce and secrets chemicals. The chemical
  messengers are called hormones. They convey their
  messages through the blood stream, this way they
  can reach your entire body. This system responds
  to stress, dehydration, and low blood glucose. It
  regulates growth, mood, and development. Its
  basically in charge of the things that happen
  slowly in your body. The Endocrine System is a
  major regulator of the reproductive system
  controlling the production of hormones for the
  male and female gametes.

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Quest

• The male reproductive system enables a adult male
  to have sexual intercourse and to fertilize ova
  (eggs) with sperm (male sex cells). In this
  Webquest we will follow the journey of a sperm
  cell from the beginning and ending of its life.
  The sperm cell will battle through many obstacles
  to fertilize the egg.

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Endocrine System

• The major Human Endocrine Glands are the
  Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, the Thyroid,
  Parathyroid, Pancreas, Adrenal, Gonads, and the
  Pineal gland. The hypothalamus is located in the
  brain and is the main connection between the
  endocrine and nervous system It controls the
  pituitary gland by telling it when to make more
  or to stop producing hormones.
• The pituitary gland is very important because it
  makes hormones that controls other endocrine
  gland. The work of this gland is influenced by
  things such as emotions and seasonal changes. It
  is divided into two parts The Posterior
  pituitary and the Anterior Pituitary. The
  Anterior Pituitary regulates the thyroid,
  adrenal, and the reproductive glands. The
  posterior releases antidiuretic hormones, which
  help control body water balance through its
  effect on the kidneys and urine output.

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Endocrine System (continued)

• Some hormones the pituitary glad produces are
  growth hormone, prolactin, oxycontin,
  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), follicle-stimulating
  (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and
  ACTH. Oxycontin stimulates contraction of uterus
  mammary gland cells.
• Antidiuretic Hormone or ADH promotes the kidneys
  to retain water. Growth Hormone or GH stimulates
  growth, especially in bones. It also stimulates
  growth in metabolic functions. Prolactin or PRL
  stimulates milk production and secretion.
  Follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH stimulates
  the production of oca and sperm
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH stimulates the
  thyroid. Adrenocorticotropic hormone or ACTH
  stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete
  slucocorticoids.

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Endocrine System (continued)

• The Thyroid gland helps maintain normal blood
  pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, digestion and
  reproductive functions. It consists of two lobes
  located on the ventral surface of the trachea. It
  produced two very similar hormones
  Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It also
  produces Calcitonin. T3 and T4 stimulate and
  maintain metabolic processes Cacitonin lowers
  blood calcium level
• Parathyroid Glands produces Parathyroid Hormone
  or PTH which raises blood calcium level.

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Endocrine System (continued)

• The Pancreas Produces Insulin and Glucagen.
  Insulin lowers blood glucose level. Glucagen
  raises blood glucose level .
• Adrenal Glands consists of the adrenal medulla
  and Adrenal cortex. The adrenal Medulla produces
  Epinephrine and norepinephrine. They raise blood
  glucose level increase metabolic activities and
  constrict certain blood vessels. The adrenal
  cortex produces glucocorticoids which raise blood
  glucose level and produces minealocoritoids which
  promote reabsorption of sodium and excretion of
  potassium in kidneys

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Endocrine System (continued)

• The Goads consists of the mail testes and the
  female ovaries. The testes produce androgens.
  Androgens support sperm formation. IT promotes
  development and maintenance of male secondary sex
  characteristics. Ovaries produce estrogen which
  stimulate uterine lining growth. It promotes
  development and maintenance of female secondary
  sex characteristics. It also produces
  Progesterone which promotes uterine lining growth
  also.
• The pineal gland produces Melatonin. Melatonin
  is involved in biological rhythms.

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Overview of Endocrine System and Major Hormones
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Overview (continued)
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Activity
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Below are some useful links pertaining to the
Endocrine System and the Crossword puzzle Above

• http//www.songsforteaching.com/lyricallifescience
  learning/endocrinesystem.htm
• http//www.emedicinehealth.com/anatomy_of_the_endo
  crine_system/article_em.htm
• http//www.kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basi
  cs/endocrine.html
• http//www.innerbody.com/image/endoov.html
• http//www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodyguide/ref
  text/html/endo_sys_fin.html

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Male Anatomy and Development of Sperm

• Sperm is made in the seminiferous tubules, a
  portion of the testes. The male has two testes
  which are covered by the scrotum. The scrotum is
  outside the abdominal cavity because the body is
  to warm for sperm to mature. The temperature in
  the scrotum is about 2C below the temperature in
  the abdominal cavity. The testes store the
  sperm. Also in the testis, interstitial cells
  produce the hormones involved in the male
  reproductive system. The testis is the site of
  sperm and hormone production in the male
  reproductive system.

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Production Line of Sperm

• The epididymis is the coiled region that extends
  from the testes. The epididymis is where the
  sperm completes maturation and waits until the
  time for fertilization. During ejaculation, the
  sperm moves through the vas deferens and passes
  through the urethra. The urethra runs through
  the penis and opens to the outside at the tip of
  the penis.
• The seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and
  bulbourethral glands add secretions to the semen.
  The seminal vesicles add about 60 of the total
  volume of the semen. The fluid from the seminal
  vesicles is think, yellowish, and alkaline. It
  contains mucus, sugar frutose (provides energy
  for the traveling sperm), a coagulating enzyme
  and asorbic acid. The prostate gland is the
  largest of the semen-secreting glands. It
  secrets its products directly into the urethra
  through several small ducts. The bulbourethral
  glands are a pair of small glands along the
  urethra below the prostate. Before, ejaculation,
  they secrete a clear mucus that neutralizes and
  acidic urine remaining in the urethra.

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Activity
Using the words below, label the parts of the
male reproductive system
http//health.howstuffworks.com/male-reproductive-
system.htm http//www.kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bo
dybasics/male_repro.html http//www.innerbody.com/
image/repmov.html
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Below are some useful links in completing the
crossword puzzle above

• http//kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/contracep
  tion/bc_chart.html
• http//www.fda.gov/Fdac/features/1997/babytabl.htm
  l
• http//www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/contracepti
  on.cfm
• http//www.coolnurse.com/birthcontrol.htm

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What are the organs of the female reproductive
system? What do they do?

• Each sex has its own unique reproductive system.
  They are different in shape and structure, but
  both are specifically designed to produce,
  nourish, and transport either the egg or sperm.
• Unlike the male, the human female has a
  reproductive system located entirely in the
  pelvis The external part of the female
  reproductive organs is called the vulva, which
  means covering. Located between the legs, the
  vulva covers the opening to the vagina and other
  reproductive organs located inside the body.

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What Does the Female Reproductive System Do?

• The female reproductive system enables a woman
  to
• produce eggs (ova)
• have sexual intercourse
• protect and nourish the fertilized egg until it
  is fully developed
• give birth

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The internal reproductive organs include

• Vagina The vagina is a canal that joins the
  cervix (the lower part of uterus) to the outside
  of the body. It also is known as the birth canal.
  
• Uterus (womb) The uterus is a hollow,
  pear-shaped organ that is the home to a
  developing fetus. The uterus is divided into two
  parts the cervix, which is the lower part that
  opens into the vagina, and the main body of the
  uterus, called the corpus. The corpus can easily
  expand to hold a developing baby. A channel
  through the cervix allows sperm to enter and
  menstrual blood to exit.
• Ovaries The ovaries are small, oval-shaped
  glands that are located on either side of the
  uterus. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones.
• Fallopian tubes These are narrow tubes that are
  attached to the upper part of the uterus and
  serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to
  travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
  Conception, the fertilization of an egg by a
  sperm, normally occurs in the fallopian tubes.
  The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus,
  where it implants to the uterine wall.

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Menstrual Cycle

• At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle,
  a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium
  (uterine lining) begins. The ovarian cycle,
  fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in the
  blood, causes the menstrual cycle.
• The average menstrual cycle takes about 28 days
  and occurs in phases the follicular phase, the
  ovulatory phase (ovulation), and the luteal
  phase.
• There are four major hormones involved in the
  menstrual cycle follicle-stimulating hormone,
  luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.

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Conception The amazing journey from egg to embryo

• At the moment when a lone sperm penetrates a
  mature egg, conception or fertilization takes
  place. It is a race between all the sperm and
  only one sperm can win.
• If a sperm cell meets and penetrates an egg, it
  will fertilize the egg. The fertilization process
  takes about 24 hours. When fertilization happens,
  changes occur on the surface of the egg to
  prevent other sperm from penetrating it.

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Fetal Development

• After implantation, some cells become the
  placenta while others become the embryo. About
  three weeks after ovulation, the baby's brain,
  spinal cord, heart, and others organs begin to
  form. The heart begins beating during week five.
  During week seven, the umbilical cord appears. At
  the eighth week the developing baby, now called a
  fetus, is well over 1/2 of an inch long -- and
  growing. A full term delivery generally occurs
  around 40 weeks.

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Activity

• You will investigate three topics related to
  sexual health and your anatomy. You are going to
  use three web sites to prepare a short phrase
  describing each of the following topics relating
  to the female reproductive system. This will be
  used to create a creative and unique informative
  brochure.
• This brochure should try to capture the most
  important fact, interesting aspect or powerful
  message to underclassmen about that topic.  This
  brochure should respond to the questions that
  young people most often ask about puberty and
  their bodies.. The brochure should also provide
  specific definitions or descriptions of key terms
  and topics. Diagrams and pictures should be
  included.
• You can distribute copies of your health brochure
  within your class or school, or ask the local
  health clinic if they would like to print and
  display copies in their offices.

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WORD SEARCH!

• After the brochure is completed try to complete
  this bonus word search on the following page. The
  word bank is listed at the bottom of this page.

OVARIAN LIGAMENTOVARYRECTUMURETHRAUTERUS VAGIN
AVULVAWOMB
AREOLABABIESBLADDERBREASTCERVIXCLITORIS
FALLOPIANTUBEGONOREAHERPES LABIA MAJORALABIA
MINORAMAMMARYGLANDSNIPPLE
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T S E P R E H H G O N O R E A
K N A T M U T C E R X K L A L
K D E A R H T E R U S Y V A N
V S Y M P H Y S I S P U B I S
U B R O A R O N I M A I B I L
L X F N A G S W E M A Y L W H
V T R S S C I X L M V O I S U
A S E P U I X L A N I G A V T
O A D U W W R J N I P P L E E
E E D B X P O O V A R Y O P R
W R A I U R W M T L I R E Z U
D B L S A L F L B I D R R J S
Z E B U T N A I P O L L A F E
S E I B A B X I V R E C C V A
E S D N A L G Y R A M M A M O

•               

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Using the words below, label the parts of the
female reproductive system
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Below are some useful links pertaining to the
Female Reproductive System

• Having a Healthy Pregnancy -http//www.kidshealth.
  org/teen/sexual_health/girls/pregnancy.html
• Toxic Shock Syndrome -
• http//www.kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/girls
  /tss.html
• The Journey of Conception - http//www.webmd.com/b
  aby/slideshow-conception
• Female Reproductive System -http//www.besthealth.
  com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/html/repr_sys_fin
  .html
• Breast and Pelvic Exams - http//www.ehandbook.wc.
  vt.edu/gynoAndBreast.html
• Female Hormones - http//www.netdoctor.co.uk/women
  shealth/features/hormone.htm
• Sexualy Transmitted Diseases - http//www.medicine
  net.com/sexually_transmitted_diseases_stds_in_wome
  n/article.htm

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Crossword Puzzle Solutions
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Sources Used

• Campbell Reece Biology AP edition, 7th
  addition
• Images Taken From Campbell Reece Biology AP
  edition, 7th addition
• http//www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/male-
  reproductive-system
• http//www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/your-
  guide-female-reproductive-system