Ecosystems and Communities

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Ecosystems and Communities
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Temperature and Climate

• Climate Average year after year conditions of
  temperature and precipitation
• Effects on temperature
• 1. Latitude
• - Major effect on angle of incidence of
  suns energy on the Earth

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Climate Zones

• Polar
• Temperate
• Tropical

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Ultimate Results of Uneven Heating and Cooling

• Winds
• Ocean Currents
• Both lead to

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• 2. Greenhouse Effect
• - CO2, CH4 (methane), and water vapor
• 3. Altitude
• - Greater the distance above sea level
  less blanketing atmosphere

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Biomes

• Abiotic

• Biotic

• Temperature
• Precipitation

• Characteristic Animal and Plant Life

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Major World Biomes
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The Niche

• Full range of physical and biological
  characteristics in which an organism lives.
• 1) Fundamental Niche
• 2) Realized Niche
• No two organisms can share the same niche
  (competitive exclusion principal)

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Tolerance and Competition
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Community Interactions

• Organisms compete for resources, leads to
  specialists taking up niches.
• Predation One organism uses another as a
  resource

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Isle Royale
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Symbiosis
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Population Growth

• Important characteristics of a population
• 1) distribution
• 2) density
• 3) growth rate

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Population Growth and Decline

• Immigration and Emigration
• Exponential growth
• E. Coli
• Human Population Growth

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Carrying Capacity

• What Limits Populations?

• Resources
• Competition
• Predation
• Parasitism and Disease