Section III: The Church in Medieval Times (Pages 280 - 284)

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Section III The Church in Medieval Times
(Pages 280 - 284)
(Not that Medieval Times)

• This section is about
• How the Roman Catholic Church was a major part of
  society , providing moral guidance as well as
  supporting religious communities of monks and
  nuns.
• How the elaborate and costly Gothic style
  cathedrals grew from the wealth and power of the
  Church.
• How European rulers treated Jewish people in
  medieval Europe.

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• We have a lot more vocabulary words in this
  section again lets look on page 280.
• We should also look at the main ideas.
• And, the pictures on pages 282 /283.

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The Importance of the Church

• The Roman Catholic Church was HUGE during the
  early Middle Ages.
• Nearly every area lived according to the rules of
  the church.
• It also provided a completely common way of life
  for all these people (beliefs, celebrations,
  social activities, etc).
• And they had the Pope even more important
  than everyones own king.

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Religion in Everyday Life

• The Parish center of village life.
• Everyone was there on Sundays and religious
  festivals (with a Latin Mass).
• The Priest usually the only educated man in the
  village marriages, baptisms, funerals, teach
  the rules and values of the Catholic Church,
  supply food and shelter for the needy, and even
  run a school for the children.

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• Services were paid for by parishioners.
• They were supposed to tithe (pay 1/10th of their
  salary to the church).
• Even higher than a priest was a bishop.
• He was in charge of an entire region (called a
  diocese).
• It was the bishops job to keep an eye on the
  priests, and settle possible disputes.
• Above the bishop the archbishop who oversaw
  many bishops.
• The, their boss was the Pope.
• All of these are still in place today.

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Religious Communities

• Some men and women wanted to practice their
  religion away from the outside world.
• They lived in monasteries (men) and convents
  (women).
• Monks often took a vow of poverty, purity, and
  obedience to the abbot, and spent their time
  working for the monastery (usually had a specific
  job) and praying.
• Each monastery would have a church or chapel,
  dorms where the monks would sleep, and building
  to eat in and work at.
• ..

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• The women (nuns) were at first from well-born
  women (whos family could contribute money), but
  later on could be anyone.
• Convents were run by abbesses (usually from a
  noble family).
• Wealthy people often gave large amounts of money
  to monasteries and convents (in exchange for
  special prayers, salvation, or having their soul
  saved).
• With this money, they were hooked into land
  ownership, and became lords to vassals and
  peasants.
• Because of this, many monasteries and convents
  became quite powerful.

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The Roles of Monasteries and Convents

• Monasteries and convents also became centers for
  learning.
• Many were known for the beautiful books they
  produced hand-copying each page).
• Others were known as hospitals or healing
  centers, or even places to stay while traveling..
• Once in a while, a monk might leave but usually
  only to be a missionary.

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Benedictine Rule (about 530 AD)

• A Holy Man named Benedict organized a monastery
  in Italy.
• He encouraged his monks to lead simple, orderly
  lives of prayer, study, and work.
• These rules also included a vow of poverty.
• Most monasteries started to follow this
  Benedictine Rule.
• This sometimes conflicted with the monasteries
  who had a lot of money and the abbots who ran
  them.

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New Religious Orders

• Some monks started their own religious orders
• Carthusians each had their own hut and only had
  contact with others during services they didn't
  even see the people who brought them meals.
• The Dominicans (after a Spanish priest
  Dominic) considered studying to be very
  important.
• The Franciscans (St. Francis of Assisi) lived
  in poverty (beggars) and traveled around helping
  the poor and sick. They called themselves friars
  (brothers), but they also welcomed women.
• Most places that had nuns used them to take care
  of the poor and the sick.

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Church, Religion, and Power
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• The Popes power came from hundreds of years of
  church tradition.
• The Pope held supreme power on earth, and in
  heaven.
• The Pope spoke with the voice of God.

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The Popes Reach

• The Popes ultimate weapon excommunication
  (kicking someone out of the church).
• This meant someones soul would not go to heaven,
  and could not get a Christian marriage or
  funeral.
• And, of course, others wouldnt have anything to
  do with you.
• The Pope could even ex-communicate and entire
  village.
• This as also a time in history where most people
  were very superstitious and afraid of any/all
  evil forces in the world.

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Cathedral Architecture

• The Cathedral (the bishops church) was a symbol
  of the power of the Catholic Church.
• Richly decorated, with grand processions, and
  elaborate ceremonies.
• During the Middle Ages were built with a
  Romanesque style architecture, with thick
  walls, rounded arches, small windows, and heavy
  roofs.
• ..

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In the later Middle Ages

• Churches were much more open and rose much
  higher.
• This style was called Gothic.
• Had arches and spires pointing towards the sky
  (and to God), and beautiful stained-glass
  windows (so people could see the stories of the
  bible).

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Do the rest on your own
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Jewish People and European Economics

• The Middle Ages was a HUGE time of anti-Semitism
  (hatred of Jews).
• They were usually restricted from owning land and
  working in most profession.
• But, no one really bothered them too much if they
  kept quiet and paid their taxes.

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One thing the Jews were allowed to be merchants

• They were able to keep trading (between Europe
  and the Middle East) and were responsible for a
  lot of the nicer things in the world at the time
  getting to Europe.
• This eventually made them quite wealthy, and the
  lords protected them (they needed the trading and
  banking services).
• If Jews had wealth, it was usually in the form of
  gold, silver, precious stones, etc

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Jewish protections ended in the 11th century

• Christian traders became more common and
  successful.
• The church started to allow Christians to charge
  interest on loans.
• The Crusades were about to begin (wars with
  Christians, Jews, and Muslims).
• Many Jews moved from England and France to
  Germany and Poland, where theyd be left alone
  (they thought).

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This is the last slide for today
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