The%20Place%20of%20Nutrition%20in%20the%20Prevention%20%20%20of%20Cardio-Vascular%20Diseases%20Headings

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Nutritional Support in Cardio-Vascular Diseases

• The Place of Nutrition in the Prevention of
  Cardio-Vascular Diseases Headings
• Y. A. Carpentier
• CLINICAL CASE

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Nutritional Support in Cardio-Vascular Diseases

• Francois is a 39-year old traveling salesman.
  Over the last six months his company has been
  cutting its labor force and a number of his close
  friends have been released.
• As a result he feels depressed, overworked and
  tired from the added workload.

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Nutritional Support in Cardio-Vascular Diseases

• His wife has insisted he consult the doctor,
  because he has recently, on occasion complained
  of chest pain.
• On one such occasion he had visited his local
  emergency department and had been assessed for
  possible cardiovascular disease.

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Nutritional Support in Cardio-Vascular Diseases

• It was concluded that the pain was not of
  significance in relation to heart disease.
• On enquiry, Francois tells, that the chest
  pain comes on at times of stress and although it
  is tight and central in nature it lasts for only
  5-15 seconds. It occurs at rest and is not
  precipitated by physical activity.

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Nutritional Support in Cardio-Vascular Diseases

• He has had no episodes of pain over the last 2
  weeks.
• Francois tells that both his parents are alive
  and in their mid-seventies. However, his father
  had a heart attack at age 61yr. Also one uncle on
  his fathers side died from cardiovascular disease
  at age 59 yr.

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• During the examination, it was note that
  Francois is overweight.
• He tells that he drinks rarely, but that he
  has smoked 10 cigarettes/ day for 20 years.
• He takes no regular exercise now because of
  pressures at work.
• His blood pressure was 138/88 (towards the upper
  limit of acceptable range).

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Nutritional Support in Cardio-Vascular Diseases

• At the next visit following a fasting blood
  sample
• Thyroid, liver and renal function (biochemical)
  tests were normal
• Blood glucose 5.5mmol/L
• Serum cholesterol 7.1mmol/L (targetlt4.9mmol/L)
• LDL cholesterol 4.7mmol/L (target lt2.5mmol/L)
• HDL cholesterol 0.8mmol/L (target gt1.0mmol/L)
• Serum triglyceride 3.5mmol/L (targetlt1.7mmol/L)
  

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Nutritional Support in Cardio-Vascular Diseases

• 2. Which ONE of the following dietary changes
  will not lower Francoiss LDL cholesterol
  concentration?
• A. Increased soy protein consumption.
• B. Increased plant sterol consumption.
• C. Increased viscous fiber consumption.
• D. Increased ?-3 fatty acid intake.
• E. Increased ? -6 fatty acid intake.

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Nutritional Support in Cardio-Vascular Diseases

• 3. Which ONE of the following is the most likely
  to WORSEN Francoiss triglyceride concentration?
• A. Exercise.
• B. Smoking cessation.
• C. Monounsaturated fatty acids.
• D. Saturated fatty acids.
• E. Simple sugars (refinedarbohydrates).

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Nutritional Support in Cardio-Vascular Diseases

• 4. What other recommendations will you not give
  ?
• A. Advise weight reduction.
• B. Suggest increased trans fatty acids as an
  alternate to saturated fatty acids.
• C. Cut down on refined fiber- free carbohydrates.
• D. Allow olive oil use providing body weight does
  not increase.
• E. Allow w6 fatty acid intake (sunflower oil)