Exotic%20Nuisance

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Exotic Nuisance

• By Robin Clarke

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Dreissena polymorphaZebra Mussel

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Possible methods of arrival

• Ballast water of ships
• Attachment to anchors and rope coils

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Biological Effects

• Intense filter feeders
• plankton
• toxic material
• Grow in dense clusters

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Commercial Effects

• Water Clarity
• Commercial Fishermen and clammers
• Clog pipes

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Recreational Effects

• Boats, boat dock, and boat hulls
• Remains of zebra mussels
• Decrease in fish

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Methods being used to control zebra mussels

• Chemical molluscicides Oxidizing (chlorine,
  chlorine dioxide) and Non-oxidizing
• Manual removal (pigging, high pressure wash)
• Dewatering / Desiccation (freezing, heated air)
• Thermal (steam injection, hot water gt32C)
• Acoustical vibration
• Electrical current
• Filters, Screens

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• Coatings Toxic (copper, zinc) and Non-toxic
  (silicone-based)
• Toxic constructed piping (copper, brass,
  galvanized metals)
• Carbon dioxide injection
• Ultraviolet light
• Anoxia / Hypoxia
• Flushing

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Zebra Mussels.
Dreissena polymorpha