Title: Classification
1Topic 5.5
2Binomial Nomenclature
- A system which gives each organism 2 names Genus
species or Genus species - These names often are descriptive of traits the
organism possesses and typically are Latin or
Greek in origin - Carolus Linnaeus is credited with developing and
utilizing this system - The system is important because many organisms
have more than one common name.
3- Blackfish, triple tail, Lobotes surinamensis
- The genus name Lobotes is translated from the
Latin word "lobus" as lobe. The tripletail was
given its species name because it was discovered
in Surinam, in northern South America.
45 kingdoms
- Plantae
- Animalia
- Fungi (fungi, mold, yeast)
- Protista (large diverse group including protozoa
and algae) - Prokaryotes (bacteria)
57 level hierarchy
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
- Sometimes.Variety
6- The 5 kingdoms and 7 taxa are used to identify
and name organisms. - Usually organisms are grouped by relatedness or
evolutionary development - There are other ways to classify organisms such
as feeding method, habitat, etc
7Kingdom Plantae
- Autotrophs
- Multicellular
- Cell walls limited movement
- Reproduction varies
- Evolved from green algae
84 main groups
- Bryophyta moss, liverworts, hornworts
- Filicinophyta AKA pterophyta ferns, horsetails
- Coniferophyta AKA Gymnosperms conifers such as
cedar, fir, pine - Angiospermophyta flowering plants with seeds
surrounded by fruit
9Bryophytes
- Non vascular plants no xylem or phloem or true
roots - Reproduce by spore production (not seeds).
Spores are dispersed by water. - Moss also produce swimming sperm which depend on
water to fertilize eggs!
10Filicinophyta
- Seedless, vascular plants
- Includes club moss, horsetail, fern
11Coniferophyta
- Conifers
- naked seeds develop on sporophylls of female
cones - Male cones produce large amounts of wind borne
pollen - Seeds dispersed by wind
12Angiospermophyta
- Have flowers which develop into fruit
- Male gamete (sperm) contained in pollen grain
- Female gamete is housed in ovary and once
fertilized, develops into fruit. - Co-evolved with insects who assist with
pollination (fertilization)
13Animals
- Heterotrophs
- must ingest others for nutrients
- Multicellular
- complex bodies
- No cell walls
- allows active movement
- Sexual reproduction
14Invertebrate Porifera
Food taken in by endocytosis
- Sponges
- no distinct tissues or organs
- do have specialized cells
- no symmetry
- sessile (as adults)
15Invertebrate Cnidaria
- Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral
- tissues, but no organs
- two cell layers
- radial symmetry
- predators
- tentacles surround gut opening
- extracellular digestion
- release enzymes into gut cavity
16Stinging cells of cnidarians
17Invertebrate Platyhelminthes
- Flatworms
- tapeworm, planaria
- mostly parasitic
- bilaterally symmetrical
- allows high level of specialization within parts
of the body - now have a mouth at one end an anus at the
other!
18Invertebrate Nematoda
- Roundworms
- bilaterally symmetrical
- have both mouth anus
- well-developed digestive system
- many are parasitic
- hookworm
19Invertebrate Mollusca
- Mollusks
- clams, snails, squid
- bilaterally symmetrical (with exceptions)
- soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells
- true coelom
20Invertebrate Annelida
- Segmented worms
- earthworms, leeches
- segments are not specialized
- bilaterally symmetrical
- true coelom
21Invertebrate Arthropoda
- Spiders, insects, crustaceans
- most successful animal phylum
- bilaterally symmetrical
- segmented
- allows jointed appendages
- exoskeleton
- chitin protein
22Arthropod groups
arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks,
scorpions
crustaceans gills, 2 pairs antennae crab,
lobster, barnacles, shrmp
insects 6 legs, 3 body parts
23Invertebrate Echinodermata
- Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber
- radially symmetrical
- spiny exoskeleton
24Invertebrate quick check
- Invertebrates Porifera, Cnidaria,
Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca,
Arthropoda, Echinodermata - Which group includes snails, clams, and squid?
- Which group is the sponges?
- Which are the flatworms?
- segmented worms?
- roundworms?
- Which group has jointed appendages an
exoskeleton? - Which two groups are radially symmetrical?
- Which group has no symmetry?
25Chordata
- Vertebrates
- fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
- internal bony skeleton
- backbone encasing spinal column
- skull-encased brain
26Vertebrates Fish
- Characteristics
- body structure
- bony cartilaginous skeleton
- jaws paired appendages (fins)
- scales
- body function
- gills for gas exchange
- two-chambered heart single loop blood
circulation - ectotherms
- reproduction
- external fertilization
- external development in aquatic egg
27Transition to Land
28(No Transcript)
29Vertebrates Amphibian
- Characteristics
- body structure
- legs (tetrapods)
- moist skin
- body function
- lungs (positive pressure) diffusion through
skin for gas exchange - three-chambered heartveins from lungs back to
heart - ectotherms
- reproduction
- external fertilization
- external development in aquatic egg
- metamorphosis (tadpole to adult)
Frogs , toads, salamanders, newts
30Vertebrates Reptiles
- Characteristics
- body structure
- dry skin, scales, armor
- body function
- lungs for gas exchange
- thoracic breathing negative pressure
- three-chambered heart
- ectotherms
- reproduction
- internal fertilization
- external development in amniotic egg
31Vertebrates Birds
- Characteristics
- body structure
- feathers wings
- thin, hollow boneflight skeleton
- body function
- very efficient lungs air sacs
- four-chambered heart
- endotherms
- reproduction
- internal fertilization
- external development in amniotic egg
32Vertebrates Mammals
- Characteristics
- body structure
- hair
- specialized teeth
- body function
- lungs, diaphragm negative pressure
- four-chambered heart
- endotherms
- reproduction
- internal fertilization
- internal development in uterus
- nourishment through placenta
- birth live young
- mammary glands make milk
33Mammal Sub-groups
- monotremes
- egg-laying mammals
- duckbilled platypus, echidna
- marsupials
- pouched mammals
- short-lived placenta
- koala, kangaroo, opossum
- placental
- true placenta
- shrews, bats, whales, humans
34Vertebrate quick check
- Which vertebrates lay eggs with shells?
- Which vertebrates are covered with scales?
- What adaptations do birds have for flying?
- What kind of symmetry do all vertebrates have?
- Which vertebrates are ectothermic and which are
endothermic - Why must amphibians live near water?
- What reproductive adaptations made mammals very
successful? - What characteristics distinguish the 3 sub-groups
of mammals?