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The Cell Cycle

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The cell cycle is the cycle a cell goes through in order to make additional cells. Growth Replacing dead/worn ... The process is different in plants and animals V ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Cell Cycle


1
The Cell Cycle
  • A cell quest

2
I. Cell Cycle Purpose
  • A. The cell cycle is the cycle a cell goes
    through in order to make additional cells.
  • Growth
  • Replacing dead/worn-out cells
  • Healing wounds
  • B. The Stages of the cell cycle are
  • G1 (Gap 1)
  • S (Synthesis)
  • G2 (Gap 2)
  • M (Mitosis)
  • Cytokinesis

3
II. DNA Packing
Tightly coiled DNA contains genetic information
Two identical parts of a chromosome sister
chromatids
Holds sister chromatids together at the center
Chromatin
Loosely coiled DNA wrapped around histones
4
Cell Cycle Wheel
5
III. Interphase
  • G1, S, and G2 are all part of interphase.
  • G1- During G1 the cell grows in size and collects
    all the enzymes needed for Synthesis.
  • S- During Synthesis genetic information inside of
    the cell doubles to create two sets of identical
    chromosomes. DNA replication
  • So if a cell normally has 23 pairs of chromosomes
    (like us!) after S-phase it has 46 pairs.
  • G2- In G2, the cell produces microtubules, which
    are needed for mitosis

6
III. Interphase
7
IV. Mitosis
  • Mitosis is the division of one mother cell into
    two identical daughter cells.
  • The phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase,
    anaphase, and telophase.

8
A. Prophase
  1. Spindle Fibers form
  2. Centrioles move to opposite poles
  3. Chromosomes become visible

9
B. Metaphase
  1. Chromosomes line up along the equator

10
C. Anaphase
  1. Chromosomes divide
  2. Chromatids seperate and move to opposite poles

11
D. Telophase
  • Nuclear membrane forms around each group of
    chromosomes
  • Chromosomes unwind
  • Cytokinesis begins

12
V. Cytokinesis
  • The process by which the cytoplasm divides and
    one cell becomes two individual cells. The
    process is different in plants and animals

13
V. Cytokinesis
  • Animals - cell membrane pinches inward
  • Plants - a new cell wall forms between the two
    new cells

14
Cell Cycle Wheel
15
VI. What stops cell from growing?
  • Touching neighbor cells.
  • Cells in a petri dish will continue to grow until
    they come into contact with other cells.
  • Similarily, skin around a wound stops to grow
    when it contacts other skin cells


16
Which chemicals regulate the cell cycle?
  • A protein called cyclin regulates the timing of
    the cell cycle and causes cells to divide.

17
How do cells respond to contact with other cells?
  • Normally, cells stop growing when they come into
    contact with other cells

18
VII. How are cancer cells different from other
cells?
  • Cancer cells do not respond to cyclins that
    regulate the growth of most cells.
  • Cells divide uncontrollably and form masses of
    cells called tumors
  • The disease cancer results from these cells not
    performing their normal jobs
  • Thought to be caused by a mutation on gene p53
  • p53 blocks cell maturation in damaged cells.
  • apoptosis

19
Lung Cancer
20
Oral cancer (tobacco chewing)
21
Cancer Treatment
  • Surgery to remove cancer
  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation
  • Viral Vector
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