INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMNT IN BUCHAREST

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INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMNT IN BUCHAREST
AUTHORS
Nicolae Sdrula1, Sulfina Barbu2 AFFILIATION 1-S.C
.IPROCHIM S.A., 19-21 M.Eminescu Street, 010512-
Bucharest 1, ROMANIA Tel.[phone],
Fax.[phone],Emailnicolae.sdrula_at_iprochim.ro
2-Municipality of Bucharest, 47Regina Elisabeta
Ave -Bucharest 5, ROMANIA Tel./fax [phone],
Email sulfina.barbu_at_bucuresti-promarie.ro
Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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THE MAIN SOLID WASTE SOURCES
URBAN
INDUSTRIAL
CONSTRUCTION
WATER TREATMENT
Bucharest,28-29 Sep.2004
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THE EXISTING COMPANIES DEALING WITH COLLECTING
AND TRANSPORT OF WASTE
S.C.ROSAL SERVIS SRL
S.C.SUPERCOM S.A.
S.C.REBU S.A.
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3
S.C.RWE GEKO ROMANIA Ecologic Service SRL
S.C.REBU S.A.
1
4
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S.C.MASOTI SRL
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S.C.URBAN S.A
S.C.REBU S.A
Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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BUCHAREST URBAN LANDFILL DISPOSAL LOCATION

CHIAJNA RUDENI - IRIDEX Deposit
GLINA (Partial Deposit)
VIDRA Deposit
Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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Composition of municipal wastes in the UK.
(2000), Calcutta (late 1999), Onitsha (late 1999)
and Medellin (late 1999)
Source Cook and Kalbermatten, 1999 OEOD,1989
Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL WASTES IN BUCHAREST 2002

• Urban organic waste..51
• Paper and carton waste..11
• Plastic waste..10
• Metal waste05
• Glass waste.05
• Textile waste...05
• Other types of waste13

Daily average municipal waste/person0.6 Kg
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SELECTIVE COLLECTING
MODEL OF EXISTING MANAGEMENT
TO PRODUCER
TO RAMP
ORGANIC MATTERS
UNSORTED WASTE
NONMETALS AND ALLOYS
WALUABLE WASTE
METALS
Paper / Carton
Glass
Rubber
Wood/ Rubber
Incineration
Plastics
Fermentation
ROAD BITUM
TO RECYCLING COMPANIES
Baling
VALORIFICATION
Hashing/ Granulation
Purification
PAPER INDUSTRY
SLAG / ASH
COMPOST
Bucharest,28-29 Sep.2004
AGRICULTURE
FLOWERS FERTILIZER
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BUCHAREST URBAN LANDFILL DISPOSAL LOCATIONS

CHIAJNA RUDENI - IRIDEX Deposit
GLINA (Partial Deposit)
VIDRA Deposit
Bucharest,28-29 Sep.2004
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DEPOSIT MAIN FIGURES
IRIDEX VIDRA

• COMMISIONING year 2000 2001
• TOTAL SURFACE ha 16.5(5 cells)
  39(8 Cells)
• CELL BULK CAPACITY to 920,000
  562,500
• TOTAL DEPOSIT CAPACITY to 4,600,000
  4,500,000
• EXPLOIT DURATION years
• ( including post monitoring period)
  20 20

Informative price for deposit.7.15 USD/to
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MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

• REDUCTION OF WASTE BY
• Surcharge on excess bags, containers or household
  refuse
• Incentive program for commercial/industrial
  reduction efforts
• Reuse activities such as waste change program
• Public education and involvement (commitment and
  involvement of all citizens)
• MATERIALS RECOVERY/RECYCLING
• RESOURCE RECOVERY - COMPOSTING
• RESOURCE RECOVERY - INCINERATION
• ULTIMATE DISPOSAL - LANDFILL

Bucharest,28-29 Sep.2004
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GENERAL RULES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

• 1. COMPOSITON DEPENNDS ON A LOT OF
  VARIABLES SUCH AS
• URBANIZATION
• COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES
• MANUFACTURING
• SERVICE SECTOR ACTIVITIES
• 2. ATTITUDES OF PEOPLE(Waste management ethic,
  recycling ethic, litter ethic)
• 3. EACH COMMUNITY WILL CREATE ITS OWN Best
  approach TO DEALING WITH ITS WASTE
• 4. THE COMMUNITIES HAVE HOWEVER THE SAME
  ALTERNATIVES

Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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Bucharest,28-29 Sep.2004
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AIR EMISSION LIMIT VALUES FOR INCINERATION Dail
y average values-Total dust 10 mg/m3
-Gaseous and vaporous organic substances,
expressed astotal organic carbon 10 mg/m3
/Hydrogen chloride (HCl) 10 mg/m3
/Hydrogen fluoride (HF) 1
mg/m3 -/Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 50
mg/m3 --/Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and
nitrogen dioxide (NO2)expressed as nitrogen
dioxide for existing incinerationplants with a
nominal capacity exceeding 6 tonnes per hour or
new incineration plants 200 mg/m3
/Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide
(NO2),expressed as nitrogen dioxide for existing
incinerationplants with a nominal capacity of 6
tonnes per hour or less 400 mg/m3 /Dioxins
and furans 0,1 ng/m3

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PET PRILLS CAN BE TURNED TO GOOD ACCOUNT TO
OBTAIN A)basic raw materials used for
obtaining polyesters The new procedure can be
used for most of the products obtained from the
polyester by obtaining raw materials that can be
reused for the production at fibers, yarns, films
or packages as well as polyesters obtained from
petroleum B)Staple fibers and polyester
filaments In United States of America the
procedure of using recycled PET bottles for
obtaining polyester fibers and yarns is
frequently used (abbot. 78 of the recovered
wastes are converted into polymer, from which
fibers and yarns are obtained). C) Obtaining
of car upholsteryBetween 7 and 9 million spent
cars are yearly available in the European Union.
Now, the percentage of reused materials is of
abbot. 75 of their total mass. The remaining
25 represent materials like wastes of plastic,
fabrics, glass and metals. A great part of the
fabrics and knit-ware are used as textile fabrics
for car covers, the polyester representing the
prevailing material (abbot. 90 ). D) obtaining
of PET bottlesThe research and application of
PET packages recycling technologies with their
use in the food sector has in view both economic
and ecological aspects. The recycled PET
packages are especially used to obtain polyester
fibers and technical yarns.

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POSSIBILITIES OFRECYCLED PET BOTTLES

• The highest quantity of different polymer bottles
  results from individual households.
• Many countries have waste collecting programs
  that impose first preliminary sorting of
• this recyclable, that include as a role glass
  packages, plastics, juice packs, aluminium cans,
• cardboard packages and other paper objects.
• The recyclable materials ( PET ) are taken over
  and submitted to a technological process that
  consists in following phases
• sorting drying
• recovery melt filtration
• prilling re-prilling
• washing glycolysis reaction finalization
  separation

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ECONOMIC FINANCIAL ANALYSISThe capacity of the
recycling plant for the food grade PET bottles is
of 10,000 t/year polyester prills.The
investment will be achieved within 1.5 years,
being estimated to a value of 11,000 USD., out of
which equipment 3,090 thous. USD
plants 600 thous. USD buildings
750 thous. USD licence 950
thous. USD other costs (commissions,
tax, approvals, authorizations, sundries
and unexpected costs, etc.) 4,570
thous. USD working fund
1,040 thous. USD

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Incomes generated are of 1,100 USD/t PET,
respectively 11,000 thous. USD/year.Production
costs are of 920.9 USD/t, and for the entire
capacity of 9,209 thous. USD/year.The plant
will be linearly paid off within 10 years.The
personnel requirement for operation is 20
persons.The profit from operation is of 1,791
thous. USD/year out of which the financial costs
are deducted, thus obtaining the net profit.
After the credit reimbursement period, the net
profit is of 1,343 thuos. USD/year.

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a) Dynamic indicators ? Net present income
(NPI) 458 thous. USD - meaning that the project
has the capacity to reimburse the invested
capital and to produce cash-flow in excess ?
Investment profitability index 1.042 -
resulting from the comparison of the present
cash-flow with the investment value ? Present
incomes / present costs 1.011 - indicating
values of the present incomes higher than those
of the present costs, meaning a favorable
indicatorInternal rate of return (IRR) 23.2 -
indicating a very good economic efficiency of the
project.b) Total investment recoup from -
gross profit 5.1 years - net profit
8.9 yearsc) Other characteristic
indicatorsprofitability rate 19.4 rate
of profit 16.3 net profit profitability
as against turnover 10.4 net profit
profitability as against costs 12.4 breakeven
threshold - after credit reimbursement 62.6
labour productivity 550 thous.
USD/man-y

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Regional IWMS Design

• Inter-municipal organizations operate the
• local collection systems for mixed
• waste and recyclable materials.
• A regional network of local waste
• management facilities, through which
• waste is transferred to the Central
• Processing Facilities (CPF)
• recyclables are processed at the
• regional Materials Recycling Facilities
• (MRF),
• mixed waste is processed at the
• Mechanical Treatment Composting
• Plant (major products compost, glass
• metals, RDF etc)
• Total recovery exceeds 70 of the initial
• inflow. Sales revenues of the
• recovered materials (including energy
• production) are deducted from the
• IWMS operational costs.

Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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The supporting infrastructure co financed by the
Cohesion Fund (2002-2004)

• Total budget (initial),2001) 13m
• Contracts (March 2004) 11m
• Deductions (March 2004) 2m (15)
• Expenditure (June 2002-April 2004) 4m
• Expenditure during 2004 (forecast) 8m

Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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Recycling Facilities (2004-2006)
Additional EU funding is expected to be allocated
to the IWMS of W. Macedonia in a few months from
now. Four MRFs to be constructed within the next
to years in order to support the local recovery
at source programs for paper, plastics, glass
and metals. The Mechanical Separation and
Composting Plant is scheduled to be completed by
2007 recovery is expected to exceed 70 before
the year 2010, resulting into local tax reduction
and systems optimization. The total budget for
the materials recovery treatment infrastructure
is estimated at 26 m until 2007. Private
investment is expected to exceed 10 m (energy
recovery unit not included).

• Landfills Restoration
• Less than thirty dumps operate today in
• the region, a 90 reduction since 1999
• Restoration cost is estimated at 2m..
• Restoration works are scheduled for the
• summer of 2005, a few months after the
• completion of the Regional Sanitary
• Landfill

Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
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GENERAL RULES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

• 1.COMPOSITON DEPENNDS ON A LOT OF
  VARIABLES SUCH AS
• URBANIZATION
• COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES
• MANUFACTURING
• SERVICE SECTOR ACTIVITIES
• 2.ATTITUDES OF PEOPLE(Waste management ethic,
  recycling ethic, litter ethic)
• 3.EACH COMMUNITY WILL CREATE ITS OWN Best
  approach TO DEALING WITH ITS WASTE
• 4.THE COMMUNITIES HAVE HOWEVER THE SAME
  ALTERNATIVES

Bucharest,28-29 Sep.2004
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GENERAL SCHEME OF INTEGRATED SOLID MANAGEMENT
WASTE PREVENTION

INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
CHEMICAL CONVERSION
RECYCLING COMPOSTING
LANDFILL DISPOSAL
Bucharest,28-29 Sep.2004