Chapter 13: Food, Soil Conservation, and Pest Management

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Chapter 13 Food, Soil Conservation, and Pest
Management
We are nine meals away from anarchy. Lord
Cameron of Dillington

• January February 2012

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Food for Thought

1. What do humans need to live?
2. What do people take into their bodies from the
   environment to help them survive?
3. Why do we need air, water, and food to survive?

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An essential element

• is required for an organism to complete its life
  cycle
• cannot be replaced by another element
• is directly involved in the organisms
  metabolism and
• is required by many different organisms.
• Adapted from Arnon, D. Stout, P. (1939). The
  essentiality of certain elements in minute
  quantity for plants with special reference to
  copper. Plant Physiology, 14(3), 599-602.

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Elements Essential for Human Growth
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Food Security
Today we produce more than enough food to meet
the basic nutritional needs of every person on
the earth.
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Food Security

• every person in a given area has daily access
  to enough nutritious food to have an active and
  healthy life.
• Impediments to national food security
• Poverty
• War and corruption
• Harmful environmental effects of agriculture
• Climate change

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Nutrition

• To maintain good health, people require
  macronutrients and micronutrients in their diet.
• Chronic undernutrition (hunger) people cannot
  grow or buy enough food to meet their basic
  energy needs
• Malnutrition people who consume a diet deficient
  in protein, calories, and/or other key nutrients
• Usually a low protein, high carbohydrate,
  vegetarian diet
• Affects 1 in 6 people in developing countries
  mostly children

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Nutrition

• Micronutrient deficiency Underconsumption of
  even small amounts of nutrients with necessary
  health benefits or essential functions in the
  body
• 1 in 3 suffer from vitamin or mineral deficiency
• Vitamin A increased susceptibility to childhood
  diseases/ blindness
• Iron anemia, fatigue, infection, increases
  likelihood women die in childbirth
• Iodine goiter, proper metabolism

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Famine

• a severe shortage of food in an area
  accompanied by mass starvation, many deaths,
  economic chaos, and social disruption.
• Causes
• Crop failures
• Drought
• Flooding
• War
• Other natural disasters

Sudan famine, 2000
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Overnutrition

• occurs when food energy intake exceeds energy
  use and causes excess body fat.
• Consequences of overnutrition
• Greater incidence of disease and illness
• Lower life expectancy
• Reduced quality of life
• Disproportionate expenditure of capital
• 93 of Americans fall into this
  category

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Growing Food

• Do plants need food?
• 2. Do you think that plants require the same
  essential elements as humans?

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Elements Essential for Plant Growth
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Elements Essential for Plant Animal Growth
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Sources of Essential Nutrients
Essential Nutrient Air Water Soil
Boron (B)
Calcium (Ca)
Carbon (C)
Chlorine (Cl)
Copper (Cu)
Hydrogen (H)
Iron (Fe)
Magnesium (Mg)
Manganese (Mn)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Nickel (Ni)
Nitrogen (N)
Oxygen (O)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Zinc (Zn)
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Sources of Essential Nutrients
Essential Nutrient Air Water Soil
Boron (B) S
Calcium (Ca) S
Carbon (C) A S
Chlorine (Cl) S
Copper (Cu) S
Hydrogen (H) A W S
Iron (Fe) S
Magnesium (Mg) S
Manganese (Mn) S
Molybdenum (Mo) S
Nickel (Ni) S
Nitrogen (N) S
Oxygen (O) A W S
Phosphorus (P) S
Potassium (K) S
Sulfur (S) S
Zinc (Zn) S
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Essential Element Summary

• Plants get their essential elements (nutrients)
  from three sources
• Water hydrogen and oxygen
• Air hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon
• Soil All essential elements
• Farmers need to know which essential elements are
  found in the soil and how much of each is present.

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Homework

• Due January 24
• Read pp.67-70 in text
• Research the N-P-K rating on fertilizers. What is
  it? What essential elements are involved? Why are
  these important to plants? Submit paragraph in
  MLA format to drop box.
• LAB Wednesday!
• Goggles and aprons REQUIRED