Chapter 25, Sections 1,2.

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Chapter 25, Sections 1,2.

• The Land and the People
• And Early Civilizations of the Middle East

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The Arabian Peninsula

• Borders on Red Sea, Arabian Sea, and Persian
  Gulf. Saudi Arabia is the largest country. Has
  small population, due to lack of water in the
  barren desert.

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The Fertile Crescent is arc-shaped, and
stretches from the Mediterranean Sea along the
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to the Persian Gulf.
It has rich soil and high population.
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The Nile Valley

• Nile Valley- The flooding of the Nile is both
  predictable and dependable. It is protected from
  invaders by deserts. Egyptians traded with the
  people of the Fertile Crescent.

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The Maghreb

• Means The Western Isle, and is surrounded by
  mountains, deserts, and water. It includes the
  North African regions of Algeria, Tunisia, and
  Morocco.

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Major religions of the Middle East include Islam,
Christianity, and Judaism..
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Sumer (Sumerian Civilization)

• The first civilization in the Middle East. It
  sprung up along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
  Men learned to read and write there.

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The Persian Empire

• 500BC-Spread across Asia Minor to the Indus
  Valley. The Persians allowed conquered peoples to
  retain their languages, customs and religions.

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Hammurabis Code

• Contained 282 laws regulating economic, social,
  and moral affairs. Tried to make the punishment
  fit the crime. (An eye for an eye).

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Zoroastrianism

• Persian religion that included many gods
  controlling nature, and Magi (priests) trying to
  win their favor. Zoroaster believed there was a
  great war between evil and good gods.

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Hellenistic Civilization

• A blend of Greek and Middle Eastern culture that
  arose from the conquests of Alexander of
  Macedonia. Its center was Alexandria, Egypt.