Cubism, Dada, Surrealism

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• Cubism, Dada, Surrealism

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Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881-1973) Self Portrait,
1906
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Pablo Picasso, (left) Portrait of the Artist's
Mother, 1896, pastel on paper, Museo Picasso,
Barcelona, Spain (right) First Communion,
1895/6. The artist was 14 to 15 years old
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Picasso, La Vie, 1903, 65 x 42 Blue
Period Symbolism(right) Paul Gauguin, Where Do
We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?
1897-98 Symbolism
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Pablo Picasso, Portrait of Gertrude Stein, 1906
(Proto-Cubist)
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(No Transcript)
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Picasso, Les Demoiselles DAvignon, 1907, 8/78
(proto-Cubism, Primitivism, Expressionism)
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Picasso, studies for Les Demoiselles DAvignon,
1906-7
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Influence of African tribal sculpture
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(left) Georges Braque (French, 1882-1963) in
his Paris studio, early 1912 (right) Pablo
Picasso (Spanish, 1881-1973) in his Paris studio,
late 1911
In spite of out very different temperaments, we
were guided by a common idea . . . .the
differences didnt count. . . . We lived in
Montmartre, we saw each other every day, we
talked. . . . It was a little like being roped
together on a mountain. Georges Braque on
his friendship with Picasso and the
formulation of Cubism, 1908-1914
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(left) Pablo Picasso, Ma Jolie (Woman with a
Guitar), 1911(right) Georges Braque, The
Portuguese (The Emigrant), 1911Analytic Cubism
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Georges Braque, Bottle, Newspaper, Pipe and
Glass, 1913, charcoal and various papers pasted
on paper, collage (papier collé), 17x 21
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Picasso, Still life With Chair Caning, 1912,
collage of oil, oilcloth, pasted paper on oval
canvas surrounded by rope. Synthetic Cubism
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Picasso, Maquette for Guitar, 1912, cardboard,
string and wire(right) Grebo mask owned by
Picasso
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Dada rejects rational thought "Dada" arrived in
almost all major Western cities between 1916 and
1922/3 5 main sites Zurich, Paris, New York,
Berlin, Cologne

• Revolted by the butchery of the 1914 World War,
  we in Zurich devoted ourselves to the arts.
• While the guns rumbled in the distance, we sang,
  painted, made collages and wrote poems with all
  our might. We were seeking an art based on
  fundamentals, to cure the madness of the age, and
  a new order of things that would restore the
  balance between heaven and hell.
• - Jean (Hans) Arp

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Hugo Ball (German,1886 -1927) performing Dada
phonetic poem "karawane" on stage at Cabaret
Voltaire, Zurich 1916"Art for us is an occasion
for social criticism, and for a real
understanding of the age we lived in"
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Jean (Hans) Arp, Collage Arranged According to
the Laws of Chance, 1916-17, torn and pasted
paper, 19 x 13 "Art is a fruit that grows in
man, like a fruit on a plant, or a child in its
mother's womb." - Jean Arp
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Marcel Duchamp (French-American, 1887-1968) Nude
Descending a Staircase, No.2, 1912, oil on
canvas, 58 x 35Futurist style painting
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Marcel Duchamp. Bottle Rack, 1914/64, bottle rack
made of galvanized ironBicycle Wheel, 1913,
Readymade bicycle wheel, mounted on a
stoolFirst readymade Originals are lost
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Marcel Duchamp (A.K.A. R. Mutt), Fountain, 1917,
New York DADADuchamp chose his objects on the
basis of "visual indifferenceas well as a total
absence of taste, good or bad."
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Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her
Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass) 1915-23, oil,
lead wire, foil, dust, and varnish on glass,
811 x 57http//youtu.be/lmag4vL7hnQ
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Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitsky, American,
1890-1976) Gift, 1921Duchampian "ready-made
assisted" Surrealist "uncanny" object
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(left) Man Ray, Érotique voilée (1934-35) Meret
Oppenheim behind printing press(right) Meret
Oppenheim (German, 1913-1985), Object (Luncheon
in Fur) 1936, fur covered cup, saucer, spoon, two
views, Surrealism
1936 photo of Object by Dora Maar
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Precursors to Surrealism 19th Century
Romanticism and Symbolism (left) Arnold Bocklin,
The Isle of the Dead, 1880, oil on canvas,
Symbolism (right) Francisco Goya, Saturn,
1821-1823, fresco remounted on canvas, Romanticism
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Giorgio de Chirico, (Greek-Italian,1888-1978),
The Melancholy and Mystery of a Street, 1914, oil
on canvas, 34 x 28, Metaphysical School,
precursor of Surrealism
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Naturalist or Hand Painted Dream
SurrealismRené Magritte (Belgian, 1898-1967) The
Treachery of Images, 1928-29, oil on canvas, 23 x
31, LACMA, Deconstruction
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René Magritte, Les Valeurs Personnelles (Personal
Values), 1952, 31 x 39 oil on canvas, SFMOMA,
Surrealism
John Baldessari at 2007 exhibition he designed
Treachery of Images René Magritte and
Contemporary Art. LACMA
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AUTOMATONS and mannequins Dolls are made of
wood, metal, papier-mâché and dressed with wigs,
clothing, etc. or notHans Bellmer (Polish,
1902-75), La Poupée (Doll), 1935-49, hand colored
gelatin silver print. (right) Bellmer, La
Poupée, 1935-36 (center) La Poupée), 1934
gelatin silver prints. Surrealist photography
The art object is the photograph, not the
sculpture.
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Luis Bunuel Salvador Dali, frames from Un Chien
Andalou (An Andalusian Dog), Surrealist film,
France, 1928. Eyes, insects, metamorphosis,
erotics, madness of the dream subconscious
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METAMOPHOSIS OF FORMSalvador Dali (Spanish,
1904-89) (left below) interpreted photograph,
Paranoic Face, 1931 from Le Surrealisme au
Service de la Revolution, no.3. voluntary
hallucination" the "critical paranoic
method"(right) Dali, Apparition of a face and a
Fruit Dish, oil on canvas, 1930

• I think the time is rapidly coming when it will
  be possibleto systematize confusion thanks to a
  paranoiac and active process of thought, and so
  assist in discrediting completely the world of
  reality.
• - Dali

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Salvador Dali, The Persistence of Memory,
1931oil on canvas, 9 x 13, MoMA NYC
The transcription of reveries. Hand-painted
dream photographs. Dalis morphological
aesthetics of the soft and hard and the search
for form un-form (Informe)
Cape Creus, Catalonia
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Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937, oil on canvas,
116 x 258, Madrid
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BIOMORPHISM POPULAR CULTUREJoan Mirò
(Spanish), Painting, 1933, oil on canvas, 58 x
65 MoMA, NYC (right) source collage of
clippings from equipment catalogues
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Frida Kahlo (Mexican) What the Water Yields Me,
oil on canvas,1938
Imogen Cunningham, Frida Kahlo in San Francisco,
1931
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Alberto Giacometti (Swiss), The Palace at 4 a.m.,
1932-3, 2 views, construction in wood, glass,
wire, and string, 25 x 28 x 16, MoMA NYC.
Surrealist constructed sculpture
1932 sketch indicates pre-conception
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THE END OF THE AGE OF EUROPE AND EMERGENCE OF
NEW YORK SCHOOL(left) Hitler occupies Paris,
1940Artists in the Artists in Exile show at the
Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York, March, 1942.
Left to right, first row Matta, Ossip Zadkine,
Yves Tanguy, Max Ernst, Marc Chagall, Fernand
Léger second row André Breton, Piet Mondrian,
André Masson, Amédée Ozenfant, Jacques Lipchitz,
Pavel Tchelitchew, Kurt Seligmann, Eugene Berman
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The German occupation of France in World War II
occurred between May 1940 and December 1944.
German-occupied France is in red so-called "Free
zone" in blue (also occupied from November 1942).
Regions of Alsace and Lorraine, annexed by the
Third Reich, in deep red.
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END OF THE AGE OF EUROPE AND EMERGENCE OF NEW
YORK SCHOOLMax Ernst, Europe After the Rain,
1940-42, oil on canvas, 21 x 58, automatist
technique of decalcomania, which involves
pressing paint between two surfaces