???? Software

1
????Software
??????????? ??? ??? ??CS202-3 07-3121101 ?
2648-25 itchen_at_kmu.edu.tw
2
????

• ??
• ?????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ?????
• ??

3
??

• ????????ROM?,???????? (Micro-programming)???,?????
  ????
• ?????????,??????
• ? BIOS

4
?????

• ???? (System Software)
• ???? (OS, Operating System)
• ??????
• ????
• ???? (Application Software)
• ?????
• ??????????????
• ?????
• ????

5
????

• CP/M, DOS
• Windows 3.1,95,98,NT,2000,2003,XP, 7, 8.1, 2008
• Unix, Linux, FreeBSD
• Android, Symbian
• Mac OS X, iOS
• Solaris
• OS/2

6
?????????(?)

• CP/M?MS-DOS???????????
• Windows 3.1?????????????
• Windows 95 ? 98?ME????????????????????
• Windows NT???(?????????????)????????????????
• Windows 2000?XP?2003?7?8?2008?????????????),?NT??
  ?(?Unix??)

7
?????????(?)

• Unix??????????????(??X window??????),?????????
• Linux?FreeBSD???Unix(PC??)
• AndroidGoogle ???????????OS
• MacOS ??????????????????????,OS
  X??????????(?FreeBSD 3.2????)
• Solaris Sun
• OS/2?????????????
• Palm OS?Windows CE?Packet PCPDA??????

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Linux ??

• http//distrowatch.com
• Mint, Ubuntu, Xubuntu
• RedHat, Fedora, CentOS
• openSUSE
• Debian
• Slackware
• Mandriva

9
??????

• ??
• ????? (CLI, Command-Line Interface)
• ??????? (GUI, Graphical User Interface)

10
????????

• ????????????bootstrap
• ??????????
• ?????????????????

11
????

• ????
• ????
• ???????? (SPOOL)
• ??????
• ????
• ??????
• ?????

• ?????
• ?? (Redundancy)
• ???? (Load Balance)
• ????
• ?????
• ?????
• ???????
• ????
• ?????????

12
??????

• ????
• ???? (????????, ???? Process)
• ?????
• ??????
• ??/ ??????

13
Dead Lock Conditions

• Mutual Exclusion
• Hold and Wait
• Non-preemption
• Circular Wait

14
????? (Scheduling Algorithm)

• ???? (RR, Round Robin)
• ???? (FCFS, First-Come First-Served)
• ?????? (SJF, Shortest Job First)
• ??? (Priority) ??

15
?????

• ?????????, ??????????, ?????????, ?OS???????
• ????
• ????????,?????????????
• ????????????
• ????
• ?????????????????
• ????
• ??????????????????

16
???????

• ??? (partitioning)
• ??? (paging)
• ??? (segmentation)
• ????? (virtual memory)
• ????? (demand paging)
• ????? (demand segmentation)

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????(?)

• ????????????????????????????????????DOS?Unix?OS??
  ,???????????????
• ???????????????????????????????

18
????(?)

• ???????OS???????,?????(???????????)?????,?
• FAT (File Allocation Table)
• FAT32 (File Allocation Table 32)
• NTFS (New Technology File System)
• UFS (Unix file system)
• Ext2, 3, 4 FS (EXTended 2 File System)
• HFS (Hierarchical File System, Apple ??)

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?????FAT32 ?????4G??

• FAT32 ????? NTFS ??
• ?????????-gt??
• ?????????-gt????????????-gt?????????(???)???? -gt??
  -gt ??
• ??????????????, ????
• ???????, ??????, ?????NTFS??

20
4. ?????

• ??-gt??

????, ???????, ?????copy??, ?????????
2. ?????-gt???
3. ?? -gt?? -gt ??
21
??/ ??????

• ??/ ?? (I/O, Input/Output) ?????? ?,
  ??????????????????????????
• ????OS??????????, ????????????????

22
???? OS ???

• ?????
• ?????????????OS?
• ??????????????OS?
• ??????????????????OS?
• ????????OS?
• ?????
• ????????????????????????,?????????????????
• ???????Office?Windows XP??OS2

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????????

• ?????
• ???????(?????CPU)
• ???
• ???????????(????OS?????????Unix??)
• ????????????????
• ???Open Source?????

24
??????
????

• ?????????
• COBOL ?????,??????????
• PASCAL ???,??????????
• BASIC (QBasic, Visual Basic, VBScript )
• ????????????
• FORTRAN ??,?????????
• C/C???,???????????
• JAVA????(Object-Oriented)?????
• ??????(dynamically typed systems),??Lisp(??????),J
  avaScript,Tcl?Prolog
• ASP / PHP / Perl / Python

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??????

• ????? (Text Editor) ???????
• ?????? (macro processor) ??????? (body) ??????
  (macro call)
• ???(Compiler)?????????? (Object Program)
• ????? (Linker) ?????????????, ??????????
• ????????(Loader) ?????????

26
?????????

• ??????????,?????(Debugger)??
• ????????????????????,???????? (Assembly)
  ?????,????????????? (Assembler) ??????????(????)
• ?????0?1?????????
• ???????
• ?????????
• ????????????????

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????

• ??????????????
• ? 0 ? 1??????? (Machine Code), ???????????????

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????

• C\gtdebug Enter
• -a Enter
• 1C6C0100 mov ax,908 Enter
• 1C6C0103 mov dl,ah Enter
• 1C6C0105 add dl,30 Enter
• 1C6C0107 push ax Enter
• 1C6C0108 mov ah,2 Enter
• 1C6C010A int 21 Enter
• 1C6C010C pop ax Enter
• 1C6C010D mov dl,al Enter
• 1C6C010F add dl,30 Enter
• 1C6C0112 mov ah,2 Enter
• 1C6C0114 int 21 Enter
• 1C6C0116 Enter
• -g 116 Enter 98

• ???????????????????
• ??????, ??????
• ??????????? (Object Program)????? (Assembler)
• ???????

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?????

• ???? ??(Hex) ????
• 0 03 ???????
• 1 47 ????.DEBUG??
• 2 8B ??????(NMI)
• 3 CF ???
• 4 1013 ??
• 5 1417 ?????????(Print
  Screen)
• 6.7 181F ??
• 8 2023 ????
• 9 2427 ????
• A.B.C 2833 ??
• D 3437 ?????
• E 383B ?????
• F 3C3F ???
• 10 4043 ??I/O
• 11 4447 ????
• 12 484B ???????
• 13 4C4F ??????
• 14 5053 RS-232?????????

• ???? ??(Hex) ????
• 1D 7477 ????????
• 1E 787B ????????
• 1F 7C7F ????????
• 20 8083 DOS????
• 21 8487 DOS????
• 22 888B DOS????
• 23 8C8F DOS?-??????
• 24 9093 DOS??????
• 25 9497 DOS??????
• 26 989B DOS??????
• 27 9C9F .COM??????????????
• 2832 AOC7 ??DOS??
• 33 C8CC ????????
• 343F DOFF ??80x87?????????
• 40 100103 ???????I/O?????
• 4149 104117 ????
• 4A 11811B AT????????????
• 4B5F 11C17F ??

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??(Macro)

• ????, ??????????????,??????????? ???
• ?????????

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page ,132 01 ??????? ( ??
) Display macro string 02
?? display ?? local st_addr,dsp_str
03 ???? dsp_str ????? jmp short
dsp_str 04 ???? st_addr db
string,'' 05 ??????????????? dsp_
str 06 ??
dsp_str ?? mov ah,9 mov
dx,offset st_addr 08 ?? st_addr ???
int 21h 09 ??????
st_addr ?? endm
10 display ???? exit macro exit_code
12 ?? exit ?? mov
ah,4ch mov al,exit_code
14 ? AL ????? int 21h
15 ?? DOS ?????????? endm
16 exit ????
code segment
assume cscode,dscode org
100h --------------------------------------- sta
rt display 'Hi, Thank you.' 23 ????
exit 0 24
???? --------------------------------------- code
ends
end start
32
??? (Linker)

• ??? ?????????????????? (Linking) ???,
  ?????????????

???
????? ????
???
?????
33
???(Loader)

• ??????????????????
• ???????? 3 ?
• ???????
• ????
• ??????

34
??

• ?????????????????
• ???(Compiler)
• ??? (Interpreter)

35
????C v.s. BASIC

• int main(void)
• pintf(Hello World!)
• return 0

• 10 cls
• 20 Print Hello world!
• 30 SHELL dir

???(Compiler)
??? (Interpreter)
36
????

• ????????????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????CCleaner? Norton
  SystemWorks?WinZip?WinRAR???????

37
?????

• Ctrl_Alt_Del

38
????

• ????
• LibreOffice?Office?Photoshop?GIMP?Nero
  PhotoImpact ? AutoCAD?SQL?Dreamweaver
• ???????
• ???????(Tailor Software) ??, ??????????????,
  ???????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????

39
?????

• Office
• Word ???? .doc
• Excel ??? .xls
• PowerPoint ???? .ppt
• Access ????? .mdb
• Outlook ????
• Adobe Reader

• LibreOffice
• Writer .odt
• Calc .ods
• Impress .odp
• Base .odb
• Thunderbird
• Foxit Reader

40
???
Ctrl-?? ?????, Ctrl-Shift ?????, Shift ?? ?????
Ctrl-A ?? Ctrl-B ?? Ctrl-I ?? Ctrl-U ??
Ctrl-Z ?? Ctrl-X ?? Ctrl-C ?? Ctrl-V ??
Ctrl-h????(??) Ctrl-j or m???? Alt-Tab ????  Ctrl ?? ??, ??
Win-E ???? Ctrl-S ?? Ctrl-R ???? Alt-F4 ??
Ctrl , , Ctrl .? Ctrl ? Ctrl
Ctrl Ctrl?? Ctrl-Shift - ??
41
?????????

• PhotoShop, PhotoCap
• PhotoImpact
• GIMP(????)
• MAYA
• CorelDraw
• FreeHand
• Illustrator, Inkscape
• ACDSee
• Picasa
• XnView (????)

• ???? MediaStudio
• ???
• ????
• ????
• ????
• Flash
• AutoCAD
• Alias
• 3D Max

42
??????

• .bmp BitMaP ???????
• dwg AutoCAD?????????
• .gif Graphics Interchange Format ????,?256?,
  ??LZW???
• .jpg Joint Photographic Experts Group ???????
• .png Portable Network Graphics ?????,??????
• .psd Photoshop ??,???????????????
• .tiff Tagged Image File Format,????
• .wmf Windows ??????

43
??????????

• GoldWave
• WinAmp
• CDex
• FreeRIP
• Streambox Ripper
• DVDshrink
• DVDripper
• DVDFab

• Media Player
• RealPlayer
• QuickTime
• PowerDVD
• KM player
• PotPlayer
• K-Lite Code
• VLC

44
??????

• .wav ?????????????
• .mid Musical Instrument Digital Interface,??????
• .mp3 MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3,?????????????
• .ogg ???Mp3?????????
• .pcm ??????PCM?????
• .ra RealAudio????
• .snd NeXT/MAC????
• .swa Shockwave????
• .wma (Windows Media Audio)

45
??????

• .avi Audio Video Interactive,?????????
• .asf Advanced Streaming Format?????????DRM
• .dat Digital Audio Tape ?????????
• .mov QuickTime?
• .mpg Moving Picture Experts Group?????????
• ra, rm, ram RealPlayer
• .vob Video Object, DVD??
• .wmv Windows Media Video????????????
• .tod Full HD

46
???????

• .bat ???
• .bin ????????
• .c c ????
• .com ???????????
• .dll Dynamic Link Library?? ???
• .exe ????????? ?
• .obj ???
• .rar RAR ???
• .txt ???
• .zip ZIP ???

• .htm?.html HyperText Markup Language
  ????????????????
• .php php ??
• .asp asp??
• .bak ???
• .swf Flash ?
• .pdf Arcobat ????
• .iso?.nrg ???

47
??????

• ?????? (? Firefox?Chrome?Safari?IE)
• ?????? (? ICQ?QQ?Yahoo!????Skype(?MSN??)?Line?Face
  book?whatsapp)
• ???? (? WinFax)
• WinSCP?CuteFTP
• Putty?PieTTY?NetTerm ?VNC
• NTPClock ????

48
???????

• Oracle
• MySQL?MariaDB
• SQLite?PostgreSQL
• Base
• Sybase?Informix?FoxPro
• IBM DB2
• MS SQL?Access

49
????

• ????????????????????
• ?????
• Linux ? LibreOffice ?VLC ?GIMP
• Firefox ? FoxitReader
• http//ossacc.moe.edu.tw ?????????

50
?????

• http//wiki.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/?????
• ????, ?????????, ???http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P
  ortable_application
• 7-Zip, CCleaner
• DVDFab
• FileZilla, Firefox, FoxitReader
• Gimp
• LibreOffice
• VLC, XnView

51
??????

• ?????? (? PageMaker)
• ???? (? Nero?Alcohol)
• ???? (? Dr.eye)
• ????
• ????

52
Summery

• ??
• BIOS
• ?????
• ????
• ????
• ?????
• ??

53
????

• http//zh.wikipedia.org
• http//www.cnpedia.com
• http//bbs.nsysu.edu.tw
• http//www.flag.com.tw
• http//www.xbook.com.tw
• http//home.educities.edu.tw/wanker742126