Kidney Failure

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Kidney Failure
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Learning ObjectiveSuccess Criteria

• To know about kidney failure
• Outline the problems that arise from kidney
  failure and discuss the use of renal dialysis and
  transplants for the treatment of kidney failure
• Describe how urine samples can be used to test
  for pregnancy and detect misuse of anabolic
  steroids

3
Put the statements into order
B. ADH enters blood capillaries in the posterior
pituitary gland and travels to the collecting duct
A. Negative water potential
C. Collecting duct wall becomes more permeable
D. More water reabsorbed into the blood/ less
urine produced
F. Osmoreceptors shrink and stimulate
neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus
E. Action potential sent down axon of
Neurosecretory cells causing the release of ADH
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Answers
B. ADH enters blood capillaries in the posterior
pituitary gland and travels to the collecting duct
A. Negative water potential
F. Osmoreceptors shrink and stimulate
neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus
C. Collecting duct wall becomes more permeable
E. Action potential sent down axon of
Neurosecretory cells causing the release of ADH
D. More water reabsorbed into the blood/ less
urine produced
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Kidney Failure

• Diabetes Mellitus (type I and type II)
• Hypertension
• Infection

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Kidney failure

• You have two kidneys, but you can manage with
  just one.
• But if both kidneys fail, urea (waste) rises and
  the body is poisoned.
• So if your kidneys fail, there are 2 options
• Option 1 Dialysis
• You are attached to a kidney machine via a tube
  from a vein.
• Your blood flows into the machine, is cleansed,
  and returns to your body.
• You are attached for about 5 hours, 3 times per
  week.
• Option 2 A kidney transplant
• You have an operation to remove your failed
  kidney and replace it with a working kidney from
  a donor.
• One or both kidneys may need to be transplanted

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Task

• In pairs students given info on either peritoneal
  dialysis or heamodialysis. They must pick out 5
  key points and write them down. One of the pair
  then remains to explain while the other goes to
  collect info on other form of dialysis. They then
  report back to their partner

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Dialysis

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vWZosHub0MOQ

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Are you an organ donor?

• 16,487,373 people 27 of the population are
• 90 of people in the UK say they support organ
  donation
• https//www.organdonation.nhs.uk

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Where do the donor kidneys come from?

• A living person can donate one kidney.
• To donate a kidney (or any organ) after death,
  you have to have died in hospital they have to
  be removed quickly.
• Most people die at home so there is a serious
  shortage of donor kidneys for transplant.
• There are around 7,000 people waiting for a
  kidney transplant.
• Around 2,000 kidney transplants are carried out
  annually and each year 2,000 more people go on
  the kidney transplant list

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Matching donor organs to recipients Human
Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) tissue type

• A kidney donor needs to be a close HLA type match
  with the recipient.
• HLA type can make the difference between a
  patients body accepting or
• rejecting a donated organ.
• HLA type is defined by six principal pieces of
  protein HLA antigens.
• Each newly discovered HLA antigen has been
  numbered.
• Doctors aim for at least a four HLA match between
  a donor and patient.
• Which of these donors is the best match for
  someone in need of a
• kidney transplant, with HLA numbers 2 3 6 9 10
  13?
• Recipient 1 2 6 7 10 11 13
• Recipient 2 3 6 8 9 11 12
• Recipient 3 2 6 9 10 12 13

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Task

• Write 6 numbers between 1 13 in a line on your
  mini whiteboard
• That is your HLA type, can you find a match?

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Dialysis or transplant?

• Kidney dialysis works quite well, but is a
  time-consuming burden.
• Apart from taking drugs to stop their body
  rejecting the new kidney, someone with a
  successful transplant can lead a completely
  normal life.
• A transplant costs about 42,000 for the
  operation plus 6,500 a year in drugs and
  check-ups.
• BUT
• Dialysis isnt cheap about 23,000 per year,
  for life.

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Dialysis or transplant?
Q. How long after a transplant would it be
before the NHS starts saving money, compared to
keeping the patient on dialysis? Q If a 20
year old has a kidney transplant and lives to 80,
roughly how much money would the NHS save?
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Dialysis or transplant?
How long after a transplant would it be before
the NHS starts saving money, compared to keeping
the patient on dialysis? A About two and a half
years. Q If a 20 year old has a kidney
transplant and lives to 80, roughly how much
money would the NHS save? A Cost of dialysis 60
years x 23,000 1,380,000. Cost of transplant
(60 years x 6,500) 42,000 432,000. Saving
948,000 roughly one million pounds.
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Construct a table of Advantages and Disadvantages
of Kidney Transplants
Advantage Disadvantage

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Dialysis or Transplant?
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Dialysis or Transplant
No longer consider yourself as chronically ill
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Dialysis or Transplant
Have to carefully monitor your diet and fluid
consumption
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Dialysis or Transplant
Required to take immunosuppressants
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Dialysis or Transplant
Can be performed at home
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Dialysis or Transplant
Uses the peritoneum to filter the blood
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Urine Testing

• SC Describe how urine samples can be used to
  test for pregnancy and detect misuse of anabolic
  steroids
• Use the Textbook to create a summary for how
  urine can be tested for
• Pregnancy
• Anabolic Steroids

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Plenary PPQs
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PPQ Kidney Failure

• On print out

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Markscheme
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(No Transcript)
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Markscheme
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Markscheme continued
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PPQ- Pregnancy Tests

• On print outs x2

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Markscheme 2010
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(No Transcript)
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Markscheme 2012