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Kingdom Fungi

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Title: Intro. to the Fungi (PowerPoint Presentation) Author: Owner Last modified by: pete Created Date: 1/15/2003 7:19:01 PM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Kingdom Fungi


1
Kingdom Fungi
2
The Characteristics of Fungi
3
The Characteristics of Fungi
  • Eukaryotes - true nucleus and other organelles
    present.
  • Non-Photosynthetic organisms
  • Most fungi are multicellular heterotrophs (cant
    make own food)
  • Cell wall present, composed of cellulose and/or
    chitin.
  • Food storage - generally in the form of lipids
    and glycogen.
  • Fungi can be both microscopic and macroscopic
    common macroscopic varieties are molds and
    mushrooms
  • All fungi require water and oxygen to grow
    reproduce.
  • Fungi grow in almost every habitat imaginable,
    as long as there is some type of organic matter
    present and the environment is not too extreme.

4
  • Saprophytes or saprobes - fungi feed on dead
    tissues or organic waste (decomposers)
  • Fungi can sometimes attack the tissues of living
    plants and animals and cause disease.
  • Fungi disease is a major concern for humans
    because fungi attack not only us but also our
    food sources, making fungi competitors with
    humans for nutrients
  • Mold spores can cause mild to serious allergies.
    Spores can be airborne , be inhaled, and trigger
    an allergic reaction

5
Fungi as Saprobes and Decomposers
6
Molds
  • Rapidly growth
  • Asexual spores
  • Many human importances
  • Food spoilage
  • Food products
  • Antibiotics, etc.

Noble Rot - Botrytis
Fig 31.21 Antibiotic activity
7
Fungi as Parasites Pathogens
8
Fungi are Spore-ific!!!
  • Spores - asexual (product of mitosis) or sexual
    (product of meiosis) in origin.
  • Purpose of Spores
  • Allows the fungus to move to new food source.
  • Resistant stage - allows fungus to survive
    periods of adversity.
  • Means of introducing new genetic combinations
    into a population

9
Reproduce by spores
  • Spores are reproductive cells
  • Sexual (meiotic in origin)
  • Asexual (mitotic in origin)

Penicillium hyphae with conidia
Pilobolus sporangia
Amanita fruiting body
10
Sac fungi diversity
11
Bioluminescence in Mycena
12
Yeasts
  • Single celled fungi
  • Adapted to liquids
  • Plant saps
  • Water films
  • Moist animal tissues

Candida
Saccharomyces
13
HUMAN-FUNGUS INTERACTIONS
  • Beneficial Effects of Fungi
  • Decomposition - nutrient and carbon recycling.
  • Biosynthetic factories. Can be used to produce
    drugs, antibiotics, alcohol, acids, food (e.g.,
    fermented products, mushrooms).
  • Model organisms for biochemical and genetic
    studies.
  • Harmful Effects of Fungi
  • Destruction of food, lumber, paper, and cloth.
  • Animal and human diseases, including allergies.
  • Toxins produced by poisonous mushrooms and within
    food (e.g., grain, cheese, etc.).
  • Plant diseases.

14
Fungal Infections
  • Athlete's Foot
  • Athlete's foot, also called tinea pedis, is a
    fungal infection of the foot. It causes peeling,
    redness, itching, burning, and sometimes blisters
    and sores.
  • Athlete's foot is a very common infection. The
    fungus grows best in a warm, moist environment
    such as shoes, socks, swimming pools, locker
    rooms, and the floors of public showers. It is
    most common in the summer and in warm, humid
    climates. It occurs more often in people who wear
    tight shoes and who use community baths and
    pools.

15
  • What Causes Athletes Foot?
  • Athlete's foot is caused by a microscopic fungus
    that lives on dead tissue of the hair, toenails,
    and outer skin layers.
  • What Are the Symptoms of Athlete's Foot?
  • Signs and symptoms of athlete's foot vary from
    person to person. However, common symptoms
    include 
  • Peeling, cracking, and scaling of the feet
  • Redness, blisters, or softening and breaking down
    of the skin
  • Itching, burning, or both

16
  • How Is Athlete's Foot Treated?
  • Athlete's foot is treated with topical antifungal
    medication (a drug placed directly on the skin)
    in most cases. Severe cases may require oral
    drugs (those taken by mouth). The feet must be
    kept clean and dry since the fungus thrives in
    moist environments.
  • How Is Athlete's Foot Prevented?
  • Steps to prevent athlete's foot include wearing
    shower sandals in public showering areas, wearing
    shoes that allow the feet to breathe, and daily
    washing of the feet with soap and water. Drying
    the feet thoroughly and using a quality foot
    powder can also help prevent athlete's foot
  •  

17
Athletes Foot
18
Ringworm
  • What is ringworm of the skin?
  • Ringworm of the skin is an infection caused by a
    fungus.
  • Jock itch is a form of ringworm that causes an
    itchy rash on the skin of your groin area. It is
    much more common in men than in women. Jock itch
    may be caused by the spread of athlete's foot
    fungus to the groin.
  • What causes ringworm?
  • Ringworm is not caused by a worm. It is caused by
    a fungus. Grow best in warm, moist areas, such as
    locker rooms and swimming pools, and in skin
    folds.
  • Ringworm is contagious!. It spreads when you have
    skin-to-skin contact with a person or animal that
    has it. It can also spread when you share things
    like towels, clothing, or sports gear.
  • You can also get ringworm by touching an infected
    dog or cat, although this form of ringworm is not
    common

19
What are the symptoms?
  • Ringworm of the skin usually causes a very itchy
    rash. It often makes a pattern in the shape of a
    ring, but not always. Sometimes it is just a red,
    itchy rash.
  • Jock itch is a rash in the skin folds of the
    groin. It may also spread to the inner thighs or
    buttocks.
  • Ringworm of the hand looks like athlete's foot.
    The skin on the palm of the hand gets thick, dry,
    and scaly. And skin between the fingers may be
    moist and have open sores.

20
How is ringworm of the skin diagnosed?
  • If you have a ring-shaped rash, you very likely
    have ringworm. Dr. will probably look at a
    scraping from the rash under a microscope to
    check for the ringworm fungus.
  • How is it treated?
  • Topical creams

21
  • To prevent ringworm
  • Don't share clothing, sports gear, towels, or
    sheets. Wash your clothes in hot water with
    special anti-fungus soap.
  • Wear slippers or sandals in locker rooms and
    public bathing areas.
  • Shower and shampoo well after any sport that
    includes skin-to-skin contact.
  • Wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. Change your
    socks and underwear
  • Keep your skin clean and dry.
  • If you have athlete's foot, put your socks on
    before your underwear so that fungi do not spread
    from your feet to your groin

22
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