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Ergogenic Aids

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Ergogenic Aids Greek: Ergo = work Genic = create Do we need them? or/ Are they just a waste of money? Performance enhancing drugs & dietary supplements have been ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Ergogenic Aids


1
Ergogenic Aids
  • Greek Ergo work Genic create
  • Do we need them? or/ Are they just a waste of
    money?
  • Performance enhancing drugs dietary supplements
    have been around for almost as long as athletes
    have competed.
  • Ergogenic substances are usually banned from
    competition when a consensus is reached that they
    may provide a competitive edge

2
Facts Fallacies
  • Facts
  • -We are a quick fix society
  • - There is no magic bullet
  • - Few ergogenic benefits are based on real
    science
  • Supplement companies want to max their profits
  • Fallacies
  • - Supplement companies are out to improve your
    performance

3
Nutritional Aids
  • Vitamins and minerals
  • Protein and amino acids
  • Steroids
  • Carnitine
  • Creatine
  • Stimulants
  • Diuretics

4
Vitamins and Minerals
  • Studies have not shown improved exercise
    performance
  • Athlete should increase food intake, resulting in
    dietary sources of vitamins
  • Taking megadoses of vitamins and minerals can be
    harmful to the body
  • Only useful in cases of clear deficiencies in
    athletes

5
Protein and Amino Acids
  • Studies report excess amounts of protein intake
    can result in toxic levels in the body
  • Can produce elevated levels of urea, loss of
    water, and severe dehydration, cause muscle
    cramps
  • Protein powders can provide a simple source of
    protein and additional calories

6
Steroids
  • Common with power athletes
  • Increase the bodys lean muscle mass and strength
  • Improves recovery from training loads
  • Side effects psychological and psychiatric
    conditions, breast growth, gigantism, skin
    disease, hypertension, and stroke

7
Carnitine
  • Advertised as a fat burner
  • Claims to decrease lactate production, increase
    V02max, and induce loss of body fat
  • Found in meat and dairy products
  • There is no support for claims that carnitine
    improves body composition or athletic performance

8
Creatine
  • Popular supplement
  • Naturally found in red and organ meats
  • Claims to increase increase speed, power, and
    strength
  • Some studies have shown this to be true
  • Adverse effects kidney damage and muscle cramps
  • More studies need to be done on the safety of
    long-term use
  • (It took 30 years to figure out a diet high in
    saturated fats can cause heart disease)

9
Stimulants
  • Used to reduce fatigue, suppress appetite and
    increase alertness and aggressiveness
  • Common stimulants include amphetamines, caffeine
    and ephedrine
  • Side effects heart palpitations, heart rhythm
    abnormalities, weight loss, hypertension,
    hallucinations, convulsions, brain hemorrhage,
    heart attack and other circulatory problems

10
Diuretics
  • Used by athletes who compete with weight limits
    (eg. Boxers and wrestlers)
  • Cause rapid weight loss
  • Side Effects
  • heart arrhythmias
  • exhaustion,
  • potassium deficiency
  • muscle cramps
  • a decreased ability to regulate body temperature

11
Other Pharmacological Aids
  • Pain-Masking Drugs
  • Prohormones
  • Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
  • Erythropoietin
  • Local anaesthetics
  • Corticosteroids
  • Beta blockers

12
Physiological Aids
  • Blood Doping
  • Removal of ones own red blood cells
  • Give the body enough time to make more
  • Re-inject removed blood cells, thereby increasing
    the total volume of oxygen-carrying red blood
    cells
  • Higher red-cell count causes the heart to work
    harder and increases the risk of cardiac fatigue
    and heart failure
  • Common in endurance sports

13
Why Do Athletes Performance Enhancers?
  • To improve
  • Physical appearance
  • Prevent and treat injuries, illness, or disease
  • Peer pressure
  • Cope with stress
  • Increase athletic potential
  • Bridge the genetic gap

14
Drug Testing
  • Drug using athletes try to be one step
  • ahead of the testers As tests improve
    athletes find new drugs, eg. designer drugs, that
    evade current tests because they resemble the
    bodys own chemicals
  • Tests cannot discern between the athletes natural
    hormones or synthetic ones such as HGH or
    testosterone

15
Drug Testing
  • Urine Tests
  • Used to detect the presence of steroids,
    amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana and alcohol
  • Urine tests are becoming more
  • accurate and sensitive
  • Can detect the presence of drugs
  • up to 36 hours before sample
  • collection
  • Other Tests
  • Patch test
  • Worn by athlete on the back
  • upper arm or chest
  • remains active for seven days
  • after application
  • Tamper proof
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